Since World War II，Echo the national liberation movement of the colonial semi -colony，The political movement struggling for ethnic equality has risen quickly。For the past 80 years of time，Due to the completion of the founding task、The end of the "Cold War" and the acceleration of the globalization process，Developing countries and emerging market countries generally turn the focus of issues to people's livelihood、Development and safety issues。But，In Western World，Especially the United States in the Cold War era，Race politics is intensified，The "identity politics" developed there is a discourse system construction of public politics and social life。

In this process，Western academic circles, especially the research in the American history and political sciences, play a important role in promoting，Try to re -explain the logic of this change and its historical status。Some scholars proposed，It should be re -discovered from the perspective of ethnic relations.，Especially the first batch of black slaves arrived at the North American continent as a sign，Transfer to the "people" narrative of the entire American history。The particularly worth noting is，Among them, there are many "historical enders" appear with the face of "reflection"，It advocates modern West, especially the American racial theory, surpassing human theory and class theory，Until the afternoon war developed into "identity politics"，Core elements to promote the development of Western politics and cultural development。Some scholars in China have proposed，"National identity" as an important part of "identity politics"，"It can be based on pure imagination and manufacturing" bet365 Play online games "Compared to class identity with a more solid foundation"。

But actually，Race politics is far from fully related to the complex situation of the development of Western political and cultural development。For example, as a political and social culture that rose at the same time as racial politics after World War II，Gender politics not only does not deny the physiological difference between men and women，Emphasize the unique contribution and ability of women，This is very different from racial political demands that emphasize "beyond differences"。and the reason why gender politics is ignored by identity politicians，It is because it still emphasizes the subject of human and material needs，Or gender politics and survival politics are directly connected。Unlike identity politics or gender politics，"Survival Politics" is not a clear trend of political and social thoughts，But it has a long history as a basic way of thinking and behavior of human beings。

In some of the identity politicians,，"Survival Politics" is just conforming to and satisfying the original and low -level desires of people，Under the packaging of "rational" values，Actually rely on satisfying this desire to reflect the "superiority" of the system。In the logic of identity politics，Not unequal economic and social status has spawned the public's demand for dignity and identity，but the "natural" demand of human dignity and recognition, which leads to dissatisfaction with the status of real economy and society。But the fact is，People must survive first，This is the premise of all social and historical progress。Meeting the survival needs of physiology and substances are issues that each generation and everyone must face from birth to demise。For most people，The material or spiritual production it is in the final analysis is still "means of making a living"。The more the modern society that enters the historical process of the world，War、Disasters and plague are even more generally affecting the Bet365 app download survival of all mankind。So，"Survival Politics" is far from exiting the stage of history。

Western politics not only stays away from "survival politics"，but more closely linked to it。Before and after World War II，The huge life loss caused by racial discrimination continues to promote the western people to make deeper reflection，This has the thinking medium of "survival politics"。3087_3116。Various extreme difficulties faced by European countries after the war，Finally pointing to the serious shortage of population and labor。Population production This seemingly very privacy and original problem，In the modern historical process of the development of the machine industry and technology, the human industry and technology development，It has never been associated with the fate of saving human beings directly and consciously。The huge population needs drive unprecedented immigration waves in Western Europe，It also makes ordinary people in the West feel directly and specific，Compared with "citizen" or national identity，Its sense of existence、Get sense and life value can only be more clear and powerful through professional or class attributes。

The situation in the United States is more typical。In recent years, the United States and the world have paid attention to the problem of colorful people in the United States，Make people overlook the relationship between American racial issues that have been concentrated on different white ethnic groups。This is first manifested before and after the American Independence War，When the British descendants who occupy the main body of the North American colonial immigrants declare that they are no longer "supporting distant British Empires"，The recognition of these British immigrants on other European immigrants obviously exceeds the British natives of the same kind of homology。In the process of the birth of this American new -style national identity，The fundamental decision of economic relations is clearly reflected。Later，Bet365 app download The contradiction between different European immigrant groups in the United States is becoming more prominent。This may be because they come from different ethnic groups，Therefore, there are different cultural traditions。But look deeper，This is also because different immigrant groups play different roles in American economic and social activities。Especially in the process of high -speed development of industry and commerce in the United States，New European immigrants generally bear heavy physical labor，Its labor income cannot even meet the basic material survival needs。So，Emphasizing the ethnic identity obviously has a strong economic motivation，instead of in turn, if some Western scholars say，"Things that are regarded as economic motivation，Actually rooted in the thirst for recognition "。

The relationship between white people and colored people, especially black people, is more affected by economic and social relations。From the black slave era to the present，African -American Americans are generally in a lower economic and social status，How to get more survival and development resources is always an important driving force for the black community to participate in politics。Especially when some Western scholars currently emphasize that American racial politics has spanned the skin color logo，"Black Lives Matter" ("Black Life is also life") The movement is still high in the "skin color equal" flag。This description，Not completely changing the living environment of the black community，"Black People Matter" ("Black is also human")、"Black Lives Matter" and other deafening demands will still resort to the most primitive and simple "skin color recognition"。This indicates，The general public is dissatisfied with the short promise of American politicians to its rights，I can't agree with the abstract interpretation of the "identity politics" theory on its struggle motivation，Their demands are more directly associated with Bet365 lotto review basic survival rights in cultural expression。

In fact，Protecters of identity politics are actually not from the perspective of black people，Instead, it is said from the perspective of a white man who occupies the majority of the American population。In their opinion，The American White Community has overall skin color logo。But，This exactly shows the fundamental determination of economic and social relations。Since the Northern and South War，More and more white people surpass skin color identity，Not only because of the advancement of physiological science and historical reflection and educationalization，Because of the economic structure that has changed dramatically in the United States，Production efficiency and capital proliferation can no longer be achieved by simply squeezing physical labor，The corresponding laws and ideology also lost the most important existence value。It is in this process，U.S. White and other colored people and different white groups have achieved further integration and identification。But it is also the decision of the new economic structure of the United States，For most ordinary people，They cannot obtain a huge profit as a small number of investors from the US foreign investment or scientific and technological innovation，On the contrary, because of industrial adjustment and upgrading, employment opportunities are constantly lost，and bear higher living costs，and then fall into more serious interests with the economic and political elites。Visible，The development of identity politics is ultimately not pointing to the new social and cultural order，but economic order。

What should be pointed out is，Some identity politicians have also seen the essence of profit -seeking of the capitalist system，Aware that "the economic inequality of globalization in more than 50 years is one of the main factors to explain contemporary politics"。They point out，"Identity and Politics Fureta，Because the poor bet365 live casino games and marginalized groups are not seen by their compatriots "" The resentment caused by the loss of status is from the real economic dilemma "。but，They still emphasize the development logic of modern history and racial politics from "cultural identity"，Especially from the perspective of more far away from real economic relations, how to realize the true "rational" of "identity politics"。This contradictory point of view indicates，They actually saw that ordinary people's dissatisfaction with the status of real economic and social status constituted the main driving force to break through the existing order of the West，But forcibly denying this motivation because of arrogance，Instead of thinking that only the "moral noble" breakthrough method they proposed can truly promote the progress of history。This is a more ridiculous and dangerous imagination of history。

Facing "Colorful Race Priority" or "White Priority"，Extreme remarks such as "physiological gender" with "psychological gender" instead of "physiological gender"，Some Western scholars start from the imagination logic of "identity politics"，Exaggerate it as an increasingly common and serious "people" identity。This is actually to advocate the theory of "identity politics" innovation theory to create "urgency" and "significance"。They claim，The main reason for the above situation is that the West, especially the United States, "Most left -wing people do not think about the grand social policy that may help the poor get rid of the fundamental dilemma decades ago," "no longer unite the working class、Economicly exploited and other groups "，Only "talk empty and respect dignity"。and actually，It is precisely the theory of promoting more abstract significance to promote social identity，Only exacerbated the emergence of the above problems。

"Survival Politics" does not just point to material interests in the process of actual play，It's not just about how people continue their lives in the flesh sense。What it emphasizes，Human physical bet365 Play online games survival and mental activity must not be separated from material conditions for material conditions，And these material conditions always exist in certain economic and social relations。Marxism is based on this to propose the concept of "class"，In particular, the survival and development logic of ordinary workers who account for the vast majority of human population。Contrary to it，The theory of identity and political theory fundamentally denies the role of class relationships in promoting the process of human history，Falling into a complete self -suggestion and pure imagination。

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