■CRRC Malaysia’s active commitment to bet365 offer responsibilities has been well received。Photo source: China Global Picture Collection

　　1923，British scholar Sheldon proposed the idea of ​​managers’ bet365 offer，Advocate that companies be responsible for communities and labor。1931，American scholars Bailey and Dodd debate whether companies should assume bet365 offer，Bringing corporate bet365 offer into the public eye，and past Bowen、Carol、Freeman and other scholars’ discussions are constantly improving。

The social responsibilities of enterprises include production safety、Product quality、Protect the environment、Content on employee rights and other aspects。Corresponding to positive bet365 offer behaviors，Negative corporate bet365 offer events refer to production safety accidents in enterprises、Producing inferior products、Environmental pollution occurs、Employment of child labor、Overwork、Employees suffer from occupational diseases due to lack of labor protection facilities。

　　Frequent negative events promote the establishment of a corporate bet365 offer system

In the stage of primitive accumulation of capitalism，The concept of corporate bet365 offer has not yet emerged，But employing child labor、Overwork、Employees suffer from occupational diseases due to lack of labor protection facilities、Production safety accidents and other phenomena occur frequently。To this，Volume 1-3 of "Das Kapital" published from 1867 to 1894 contains many profound discussions。e.g. since 1845，The match manufacturing industry is developing rapidly in the UK，Investigation Discovery，Half of the workers engaged in match production at that time were children under the age of 13 and teenagers under the age of 18。The working hours of these people range from 12 to 15 hours，At the same time, it is a very common phenomenon among them to suffer from "lockjaw syndrome"。In addition，Commodity adulteration was also prevalent in the British food manufacturing industry at that time，There are 6 ways to adulterate sugar，There are 9 types of olive oil，There are 10 types of cream，There are 12 types of salt，There are 19 types of milk，There are 20 kinds of bread，There are 23 types of soju，There are 24 types of flour，There are 28 types of chocolate，There are 30 types of wine，There are 32 kinds of coffee, etc.；In the ten years from 1852 to 1861，The number of deaths caused by production accidents in the British coal mining industry reached 8,466，There are also a large number of people who unfortunately died due to other reasons that cannot be counted。

At this stage，Workers launch mass rally to oppose night work and overtime、Chartist Movement、Movement for a ten-hour working day, etc.。Although the British Parliament passed the Ten-Hour Working Day Act in 1847 and it came into effect in 1848，But with the failure of the British Chartist movement，The bourgeoisie still dominates，Employment of child bet365 offer、Overwork、Production safety accidents and other phenomena have not been improved。Although the House of Commons "Food Adulteration" Inquiry Committee of the British Parliament found food adulteration，And prompted the UK to enact the Food and Drink Adulteration Act in August 1860，But in actual work，Relevant government departments are very tolerant of the sale of fake goods，The implementation of this bill is not effective。

Entering the 20th century，Corporate bet365 offer awareness begins to increase。U.S. Steel announced the establishment of labor sanitation facilities in its annual company reports from 1905 to 1915、Building dormitories for workers、Pay attention to labor safety、Develop community hospitals、Community schools and other content。1923，British scholar Sheldon proposed the idea of ​​managers’ bet365 offer，Advocate that companies be responsible for communities and labor。1931，American scholars Bailey and Dodd debate whether companies should assume bet365 offer，Bringing corporate bet365 offer into the public eye，and past Bowen、Carol、Freeman and other scholars’ discussions are constantly improving。current，The need for enterprises to assume social responsibilities has been recognized by academic circles、Business community、Widely recognized by relevant government departments。But，Negative corporate bet365 offer incidents still occur frequently，The root cause is that the cost of punishment is far lower than the benefits。

　　Take multiple measures to improve the corporate bet365 offer governance model

Management methods of negative corporate bet365 offer events in developed countries，Including investors、Consumer、News media、Labor、Government agency、Comprehensive governance model including intermediaries and other stakeholders。

Socially responsible investment funds are huge in scale。In addition to considering the economic indicators of the invested companies, socially responsible investment funds，Also consider its environment、Social and corporate governance (ESG) comprehensive evaluation score，While promoting the sustainable development of enterprises，Enable the fund to obtain stable income。2017，European ESG investment fund size is 630 billion euros，US ESG investment fund size is US0 billion。In recent years，The scale of ESG investment funds in developed countries is still increasing。For companies that have negative bet365 offer incidents，ESG investment funds will sell off their stocks，The stock price will fall accordingly and increase the company’s financing costs，Stock option implementation plan affecting managers，In the end, the company was acquired and so on，Forcing companies to prevent negative bet365 offer events。

The initiators of the consumer boycott include environmental protection groups、Labor Organization、Women’s Rights Organization、Community Organization、University student organizations, etc.。The targeted bet365 offer negative events include production safety accidents、Environmental pollution、Sweatshop、Discrimination against women、Fake donation、Poor product quality、Labor conflicts, etc.，Initiators encourage residents by encouraging them、College students and other types of consumers engage in “ethical consumption”，To reduce product sales of companies that have negative bet365 offer incidents、Product price、Brand reputation。

Newspaper、Magazine、News broadcast、TV programs and other news media on environmental pollution、Production safety accident、Reports of negative bet365 offer events such as food adulteration spread quickly、Characteristics of wide range of influence，Enable investors、Consumers respond quickly by “voting with their feet”，Urge government departments to take positive actions to quell public dissatisfaction。For example，1903-1905，Many magazines in the United States reported food and drug adulteration，Prompted the U.S. government to introduce the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906；1978，Australian media reported that workers in mining areas in Western Australia suffered occupational diseases and even died as a result of mining asbestos，The mine owners are under pressure from external parties，Compensated for losses due to absence from work due to illness。

In the stage of primitive accumulation of capitalism，Trade unions in developed countries negotiate through negotiations、Strike and other forms of opposition to sweatshops，Prompt bet365 offer to improve employee benefits、Promote fair employment。In recent years，Due to the shift of manufacturing industry to developing countries，Sweatshops and other phenomena also occur in developing countries。Strike activities will reduce the company’s investment scale，Eventually it will harm the interests of workers themselves。Therefore，The number of workers participating in unions in developed countries is showing a declining trend，The focus of trade union organizations has also shifted to increasing workers’ minimum wages and pension benefits、Training for unemployed people, etc.。

Developed countries in environmental protection、Product Safety、Production safety、A number of laws and regulations have been introduced in the protection of labor rights and interests，Effectively limiting the occurrence of negative corporate bet365 offer events。Many developed country governments have established negative list systems。For example，The U.S. government requires companies to disclose toxic release inventories，The Canadian government requires companies to disclose pollutant emission inventories，The EU requires member states to implement a pollutant discharge registration system。There are relevant research findings，The government forcing companies to disclose environmental pollutant information will affect corporate behavior，Reduce environmental pollution。In terms of compensation and penalties for environmental pollution，The laws and regulations of developed countries usually have high compensation amounts、Wide range of compensation、Characteristics such as high penalty amount。For example，After the BP oil spill in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico，Due to government fines and penalties for affected fishermen、Farmers pay compensation, etc.，Total spending exceeds billion。

bet365 offer reports issued by companies may hide negative information on bet365 offer。Therefore，Record what has happened to the enterprise，Registered by government agency、Various bet365 offer negative events exposed by the news media are included in the bet365 offer evaluation indicators，To avoid misleading investors、Important actions of consumers。Foreign researchers widely use the bet365 offer scoring index of the American KLD database，Including negative information on bet365 offer exposed by various media，For example, bad labor relations、Production safety accident record、Products that are not friendly to the production environment, etc.。The bet365 offer report issued by the company is only one of the basis for the corporate bet365 offer score in the KLD database，Avoiding the distortion of bet365 offer evaluation scores。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund project "Research on the Formation Mechanism and Governance Mechanism of Hidden Negative Information in bet365 offer Reports of Listed Companies in my country" (17BGL235)

(Author’s unit: School of Accountancy, Yunnan bet365 offer of Finance and Economics)