Basic issues of Kant religious philosophy and their two directions
November 24, 2020 09:22 Source: "China Social Sciences", November 24, 2020, No. 2054 Author: Shang Wenhua

Can a person establish or realize the truth of the good itself with the existence of their morality,To achieve the best rule,This is the basic problem that needs to be solved by Kant's religious philosophy。Conceptual speaking,Morality of Morality is argued,The meaning of good itself (that is, the reality of goodness) needs to be rooted in moral good,Therefore, from the highest morality to complete goodness (perfection), it is logical inevitable。From the perspective of people’s survival situation,What we can know is,Samey is the consistency of moral goodness and happiness in survival。but,Look at the way of people's sensibility,Starting from the way of human rational existence,Both are essentially different,That is the ability of person's own,Masterpiece is impossible to achieve。The reason can be expressed as a division of concept and reality,It can also express the split of human perceptual existence and rational existence methods。This is the conceptual setting of Kant's critical philosophy of critical philosophy. The source of God is the highest moral or rational existence: God is the highest moral existener,It is a natural creator and ultimate reason。If Defu is consistent, it is possible,It can only come from God's plan or intention。But compared with traditional Christian theology at the beginning, bet365 live casino games compared with the starting point and end point of God as all,Kant's enlightenment philosophy is from human morality,The basic starting point of treating morality as human life and reflection of God's existence。

On the one hand,Although people are moral existences,But the realization of goodness is outside the scope of human capabilities; on the other hand,Although God can only be the object of faith,But the best is only possible in God,Therefore, its sovereignty is in God。From this,Human moral existence and God as the object of faith,Who is the dispute between the principle of the starting point and the dispute between human and God's sovereignty。Kant's solution is: people can do their best to do their best to do their best,Only those who can match the help of the sovereignty。But no matter what,As long as God's sovereignty on the best issue,grace、Revelation、mysteries and beliefs such as factors,Can't exclude from rational thinking。Neither can exclude them from rational thinking,Can't use it as a cognitive object in real survival,Even using them in practice is extremely dangerous,Only the rest is to test yourself in your highest subjectivity,This is the meaning of the conscience as the conscience of Kant's religious philosophy。

According to Kant's basic detection of conscience: on the one hand,It is a consciousness that itself is the obligation; on the other hand,This consciousness always appears in a negative way,That is not to be unjust。In other words,The conscience as a consciousness always shows itself in a way to negate or says bet365 Play online games "no" to your own behavior。So,Conscience is not a consciousness of obligation to give objective laws; on the contrary,Its meaning lies only on subjectivity。If moral ideas (it has the deepest test of whether behavior is moral) is already a higher subjective ideas than ordinary ideas,So conscience is the highest subjectivity of morality and human survival itself,is the highest subjectivity of all behaviors of all behaviors as a court,It has the right to say "no" (including moral behavior) that it has already performed。Behind this highest subjectivity,Those who can be used as judges can only be presented in some way as the ultimate rational God。

As the highest subjectivity conscience,The most profound test of Kant's ideological system。In terms of pure morality,Conscience is not a problem to test whether individual behavior is out of moral means。Because of moral obligations, it can arouse response in some ways in people's hearts。This shows that although people sometimes do not do pure、Conditions of unconditional laws,But "stirring the rejection" itself means that the existence of the law of morality is a rational fact,Therefore, there is a subjective conscience test as a reality,It is also out of concept。But on the problem of the best actual nature,How can Abraham kill the anti -conscience simply? Kant's word itself also proves,This reflects "a feeling of beyond moral",Let messes in Christian traditions。Compared with the religious faith and moral conscience, it is the starting point of Qike's thoughts。On the question of understanding,Bet365 app download Zick Fruit accepts Kant's inspection of the absolute boundary of man and God。But in this absolute boundary,How can people still experience God? on the one hand,It is impossible for people,Even in the practice field, the channel that God has a relationship with people (grace、Enlightenment, etc.),But once these channels generally,,Then God is fundamentally not presented in these channels,or God that can present it is just a rational tool。At this point,The absolute boundary between man and God is erased。Kant has a clear consciousness about this,Therefore, I also think that what I discussed only "religion or God issues within the limit of rationality"。But no matter what,Among the highest subjectivity conscience as a person,The basis for being able to say "no" is an absolute person,This absolute person is a rational or God,All must be; otherwise,How can you "confirm" itself from "no" from nothingness?

It is where Kant hesitant -on the one hand he wants to reflect on God's existence through rationality,But on the other hand,God in rational reflection is not just the object of rational reflection — Qike Guo pointed out that behind the conscience of the highest subjectivity of enlightenment philosophy is still the "belief",and only through faith,A person can establish a relationship with God,Otherwise, God is just the vassal of rationality; corresponding to it,The most basic fundamental evil of the Kant's religious philosophy system is set as crime。After the criticism of Kant's philosophy,The Christian theology that Bet365 lotto review Qike recreates the restrictions on the restrictions of various dogma in the past,Therefore, only in the absolute boundary between man and God to understand the existence of ourselves and God。So,After Kant,In the Christian world,"Letter" as a kind of absolute subjectivity that is the highest subjectivity of the Enlightenment era re -determined,The principle is: the profound dialectics of belief and sin,Because the absolute boundary between man and God,One aspect,People are just a limited or sinful existence; on the other hand,People are established by God in faith。The entire world of survival and its overall significance is sin and letter、Open between man and God。This is the key point of understanding Christian theology after understanding the enlightenment era。

In the absolute boundary of the people and the best of the person in Kant or the God of God or the God of God,Zick Fruit takes the absolute subjective road of faith,to connect Christian theology with modern thoughts。Hegel follows another road,Dialectics of speculation。Different from Qike Fruit,Hegel is not thinking about good,Instead, treating good as an objective result of behavior,The meaning of history will be changed into good realism,This has formed an inspection of the history of good in thought。If you put aside the subjectivity,The reality created by subjective self -confidence itself is good,is the history of good。So,For Hegel,From subjective morality to objective ethical world is natural。The significance of human survival is constantly adjusting its subjective bet365 live casino games confirmation in good realism。Experience also constitutes the realism of goodness (the built -in things itself) and the good itself (existence) to continuously show the dialectical relationship: the experience itself contains the existence of good itself in some differences.。But what needs to be reminded is,The metaphysical system of good school is the absoluteness of good (that is, the "demonstration form" in the world),It is not the absolute person like God itself in the "letter"。Here,If you look at the eyes of "faith",There is still absolute boundary problem: the significance of life activities is to constantly "be found" from good or God to make it truthful,But God will always be beyond the goodness of survival。For the survival and thoughts of people,Good realism has absolute significance,But this absolute significance can only be rational,Can't be faith。

In short,The limits of Kant's thought in religion are like this: Because the fundamental limitations of the existence of human existence,The law of morality is the result of the reason for reason,In the survival of reality,How to make the rule of real significance is a big problem。Regardless of its moral progress or improvement,Still in the ultimate and good realization,Kant accepted some of the content of Christianity,The former is the belief of Jesus,The latter is a recognition of God's sovereignty。Therefore, for Kant,grace、Revelation、Mystery, etc. Although unknown,But it is also necessary。Because of this,In subsequent thought history,Good subjective Bet365 lotto review and ultimate real problems,The limitations of conscience as the highest subjective certainty and the absolute subjective relationship with their beliefs,Starting becoming the core question that needs to be digested in Kant's religious philosophy。

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