In historical development，The production and reproduction of material data final decisive role is the most basic point of view of the historical view of materialism。The previous historical theory，historical theory including old materialism，Only by virtue of ideological and psychological factors to explain history，Negative the objective regularity of historical development。Marx Engels thinks，Clear thoughts caused by the historical view of the old materialism，The basic principles of materialism should be applied to social history，The most general law of opening social and historical development，The production and reproduction of material data is the fundamental to the existence and development of human society，The reason for the development of social history is the contradiction movement of the production method。Although Marx Engels "has never been there must be more than this"，But with Marxism widely spread in the 1970s and 1980s，Some bourgeois scholars and the second international theorists have a tendency to rigid understanding of materialist history，They ignored the connection between the elements of social history，Forcibly stuffed the ups and downs of human history into the economy of economy，Think of Marxism as "Economic Decision Theory"。For this situation，Engels In his later years, in addition to proposing "historical synergy theory"，strongly hit the distortion of the historical view of materialism，Repeatedly reiterated the scientific nature of the historical view of materialism，so Bet365 lotto review that people can accurately grasp theoretically、Practice in practice correctly。

When exploring the important contribution of defending and developing historical materialism in his later years，In the past, the academic community focused on research on historical synergy theory，Ignoring Engels' emphasis on the subject theory of historical materialism as a methodology。Actually，Engels has repeatedly stated that historical materialism is not a ready -made answer、Not a dogma，Instead of doing more specific research methods，is the worldview and methodology of seeking real answers。

June 1890，In the letter to the Tohnst，Engels pointed out，"If you don't take historical materialism as a guide to study history，and treat it as a ready -made formula，Follow it to tailor various historical facts，Then it will turn into your own opposite "。Tagging historical materialism as a label for Ernest and others，ready -made answers to specific questions，without in -depth research，Engels pointed out，Historical materialism is not social problems、ready -made answers to historical questions，but a method of research、Study starting point。The principle of historical materialism is to grasp the overall law of human history，Can't use the overall law to replace the study of specific facts。Research specific questions、Specific facts must have a basic method、Frames and ideas，Otherwise, in the face of various facts, you will be confused。Engels is in the letter of tonest，specifically criticized the error he made on this issue，At the same time, the view of Ernest's view of the small citizens of Norwegian as an example，Specifically clarified how to apply historical materialism methods to social historical bet365 Play online games research。Engels pointed out，Ernst's error is，He "Better everything that happened to the whole Norway and there into the category of small citizens"，instead of researching a certain degree of research on the characteristics of the small citizen class of Norway "。From Engel,，Regardless of German citizens or Norwegian citizens，As a small citizen class，There are some common features between them。The specific content of these common features，It can be based on historical materialist doctrine，From economic conditions、Economic activities to determine。but，When studying the small citizen class of the specific country，Do not simply apply some basic principles to specific objects，Abstract "Economic Decision" abstract formula。

1990s，With the rise of the workers' movement，The influence of Marxism gradually deepen，Many college students、Young writers and declined young assets have poured into the German Social Democratic Party，And claiming to be Marxists as fashion。These "youthists" do not really master the world view of Marxism，experienceless experience，The actual conditions of the political struggle of the proletariat are not familiar with。They theoretically reflect formulating、stereotyped dogmatic tendencies，Especially vulgarity and simplification of materialist history。The error of "Youth School" has a very bad effect in the practical activity of the German Social Democratic Party。August 1890，In Schmidt's letter，Engels pointed out，"For many young writers in Germany，The word ‘materialism’ is generally just a set of words，They use this set of words as labels to various things，No further research，means，They are bet365 live casino games posted on this label，I thought that the problem has been solved。But our historical outlook is the first to conduct a guide for research，Not the leverage of the system in accordance with the Hegel school。It must be re -study all history，It is necessary to study the conditions of various social forms in detail，Then try to find the corresponding politics from these conditions、Private Law、Aesthetics、Philosophy、Religion, etc.。"Here，Engels specifically pointed out how to use the view of materialism to do research，To be a real academic and thought。He warns German youth intellectuals、College students，To use historical materialism methods, the specific field of history、Details of specific events，If you want to work hard。Engels pointed out: "This field is infinitely vast，Who is willing to work seriously，Who can make many achievements，You can be outstanding。”

March 1895，Engels once again pointed out in the letter to Samot: "The entire world view of Marx is not a doctrine，but method。It does not provide ready -made dogma，Instead, the starting point of further research and the method for research and use。"This means，Material History View provides us with the correct understanding of the problem、Analysis of the problem、How to solve the problem，According to these scientific methods，"Can lead politics from the basic economic facts、The concepts of law and other ideology, as well as the actions with these concepts as an intermediary "。Engels pointed out，The real working party must take the real Marxism as its own theoretical basis，At the same time, we must treat Marxism with a scientific attitude，To "study this theory according to the original"，instead of studying according Bet365 lotto review to the material of the second hand "，to avoid being deceived by counterfeit fakes。Engels resolutely opposed to treat Marxism with dogmaticism and academicism，More opposition to the tendency of any arbitrarily solving Marxism，Because they turn Marxism into a pile of content、Useless empty talk，It completely lost its combat effectiveness and vitality; even the Marxism was made into a harmless idol that even the bourgeoisie could accept。Engels said sarcastically: "About this Marxism，Marx once said: ‘I only know that I am not a Marxist '。”

Material History View is not only a methodology for knowing，More practical methodology。1886，Engels pointed out in the letter to Zolg: "The Germans do not know how to turn their theory into a leverage to promote the American people; most of them do not even understand this theory，and treat it with the attitude of scientificism and dogmaticism，Think that as long as it is carried out，It is enough to meet all needs。For them，This is dogma，instead of action guide。"Engels thinks，The grasp of the historical view of materialism should be reflected in the nature of the methodology，The guiding role of the real workers' movement。It can not be limited to the theoretical level cognition，Take it as a static knowledge system to master，You can't focus on the knowledge of familiarity and recitation of Marxism，Time to spend time on individual mention and words of controversy，Treat Marxism with academicism，So intentionally or unintentionally ignore the living connection between Marxism and practical activities，Ignoring the use of materialist history in actual exercise。

Actually，In the process of creating a historical view of Materials in Marxhst,，They are aware of，The bet365 Play online games vitality of theory lies in practice，Disclosure from specific historical conditions and social practice to talk about historical materialism and dialectics，Either go to dogmaticism，Either to the abstract speculation and emptiness。Marx said angrily when Marx was alive: Those believed that the historical philosophy theory of "the historical framework of Western European capitalism into a historical framework for every nation is destined to walk，What is the historical environment that the nation finds itself in it，In order to eventually reach it -the great expansion of social productivity — the most comprehensive economic form of human development。but，I had to ask him to understand。(He is both raising me，Also humiliated me) "。After Marx's death，The theoretical world still has the tendency or practice of the development of materialist historical views，And with the development of the workers' movement of various countries，This wrong tendency or practice is becoming increasingly serious，Extremely not conducive to the development of the workers' movement。It is based on this situation，Engels realized that it must reiterate the scientific connotation of the historical view of materialism as the "guidance of action"，Point the correct "big direction" for the practice of workers' movement，Apply theoretical scientific scientific to practice，Take specific actions in the specific reality。

In short，Engels emphasized the methodology of the historical view of materialism in his later years，Adapt to the objective needs of the application of Marxism in actual situation，The foundation for Marxist philosophy to become the theoretical guide and spiritual pillar of the working class and its party。It is under the advocacy of Engels，In Bet365 app download the early period of international, there was an upsurge that applied the view of materialism to humanities and social sciences and the practice of workers' movement，Rush out of Europe for Marxist philosophy、Prepared for the world for the world。

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