Marx Humanity Perspective with its unique theoretical logic and ideological theory of "human nature", "special human nature" and "individual human nature"，The secret of the bourgeoisie abstraction theory of human nature was exposed，Liberated humanity、The theoretical basis of Marxist humanism that promotes everyone's freedom and comprehensively develops into the ultimate goal。

First，Marx understands "general humanity" as human perceptual objective activity，is the labor as a "free and conscious activity"。Bourgeois abstraction The error of human theory，It is not that it has "abstracted" human nature to talk about "general human nature"，It is that it has left specific historical conditions，Treat the special human nature of a certain historical period as the universal humanity shared in all historical periods，Different from the human differences of each era。This makes the human concept of the human nature eventually trapped in a super history、Non -historical empty "abstraction"。From Marx's view，The so -called rationality of the bourgeois thinker talked about、Will、Love and other "general human nature"，In fact, it is just the human nature of the bourgeoisie's ideal，Therefore, they call "general human nature"，It's just the universalization of the special human nature Bet365 app download of the bourgeoisie、Abstract products，It is a purposeful fiction that they do to beautify capitalism and hope that it exists in an eternal existence。

Although Marx's opposition to bourgeois thinkers' fictional abstraction on "general human nature"，But it is not possible to think that Marx refuses to make a reasonable scientific abstraction for human nature。From Marx's view，Everyone in the historical era has some common signs、Common regulations，As long as you really put these in common,、Set down，Call it "general human nature"，Then it is a reasonable abstraction。In this way，Marx is acknowledging the existence of "general humanity"。but but，The existence of Marx's recognition of "general human nature" does not mean that he recognizes the view of "general humanity" based on idealism.，but is a unique approach，Starting from the real life position of the historical view of materialism，Make a new scientific abstraction to human nature: different from idealism and old materialism to "general human nature" as "abstract thinking" and "emotional object".，Marx understands "general humanity" as "perceptual object activity" based on its "new materialism" position，Understanding as a "person's class character" labor is "free and conscious activity"，I believe that although it can be based on consciousness、Religion or what else to distinguish between people and animals，But "As soon as a person starts to produce his own living information ... a person itself starts to distinguish himself bet365 Play online games from the animal ... so，What do they do，This is consistent with their production -what is consistent with them，How to produce the same with them "。

2，Marx's human concept of human nature has increased the understanding of human nature from abstraction to specific，It has reached the height of the "special human nature" of the "special human nature" of people in specific social relations，Specific "general human nature"、Historically understood as "the sum of social relations"。From Marx's view，Research on human nature，"First of all, you need to study the general nature of people，Then study the nature of people who have changed in the history of each era "。Therefore，Marx's discussion on humanity issues，It has not stagnated from the "general human nature" as "labor -like" or "general labor"，Instead, through various forms of labor in various historical stages of human society，Especially the scientific investigation of employment labor under capitalist social conditions，revealed the human alienation in "Capital — Employing Labor Relations" (that is, "general human nature" is manifested in the form of alienation，Human nature is suppressed: "In a bourgeois society，Capital has independence and personality，The individual who is moving has no independence and personality。") The harsh facts，Dedicated by discarding alienation labor to abandon human alienation，Finally realized the realistic road of "return of human nature"。First, the labor itself bet365 best casino games through the development of science and technology and productivity transformation，Socialist in labor、Scientific，At the same time is under the historical conditions of general labor，"Labor will become an attractive labor，Become a personal self -implementation "，Because in this truly free labor，Labor has "lost the appearance of simple external inevitability，It is regarded as the purpose proposed by the individual，Therefore, it is regarded as self -realization "。Second, the capitalist relationship of "non -human nature" and "anti -human nature" through the communist revolutionary movement，Establish a "free person combination" that enables everyone to get free development。Where，On the one hand，"Socialized people，Producer united，The material transformation between them and nature will be reasonably regulated，Place it under their common control，Do not let it rule yourself as a blind force "。On the other hand，On the basis of obtaining high degree of freedom in the field of material production，People in the field of non -material production are really starting for the free development of human ability itself。

third，In Marx's "New Materialism" context，"Individual human nature" is the specific display of "general human nature" and "special human nature" in the real life of each "life -like individual"，Indexing a single person in a certain social relationship generates through its unique life practice、Changes、Developed individual uniqueness。bet365 best casino games Marx pays attention to the individual's personality and its development，The development and development of each person's free personality as the highest value pursuit of all theoretical doctrine。but but，From Marx's view，"The essence of 'special personality' is not its beard、Its blood、Its abstract flesh，but its social characteristics，The function of the country is just a way of existence and activities of human social characteristics。Therefore, it should be according to their social characteristics，instead of examining them according to their personal characteristics "。In class society, especially capitalist society，Individual belongs to class rather than the opposite，"No matter how individuals surpass various relationships，The product of these relationships in the social sense "，Therefore, you cannot leave the specific social relationship between individuals, especially class relations, to talk about the liberation of a single person and the development of individuality。Actually，Regardless of capitalists or workers，"Their personality is determined and stipulated by a very clear class relationship"。Therefore，Marx's theory of personality on personality focuses on the personality aspect of the overall class，He not only gave strong value criticism for the non -human life situation encountered by the proletariat，And to indicate the fundamental way to strive for individual liberation and achieve bet365 best casino games freedom of personality: "Proactive，To achieve your own personality，It should destroy the survival conditions they have faced so far，Destroying this is also the survival condition of society that has so far.，Destroy labor。”

In short，Marx is in general、Special and individual logical levels of the theoretical construction of its human view。Where I Marx，"General Humanity" refers to the "free and conscious activity" of human beings, that is, labor，"Special Humanity" points to the specific historical social relationship regulations of people，and "individual humanity" refers。Where，"Special Humanity" is an intermediary and bridge that connects "general humanity" and "individual humanity"，Whether "general human nature" or "individual humanity"，All through "special human nature", that is, people in specific social relations (especially production relationships、Class Relationship) Special humanity performance is realized。The excellence of Marx's human view is，It focuses on the focus of human research on "special human nature"，Scientific research on the special humanity of capitalist social capitalists and workers，The criticism of the non -human capitalist system and the construction of social ideals in the future。

　　Bet365 app download

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Social Development、Philosophy Research Center of Overseas Chinese University)