"Religion" is the basic concept of religion，This concept aims to say "what is religion"，To answer this question in the Chinese context，The source of words from "religion" and "religion"、History of translation of the two，and the definition of the concept of "religion" for inspection。

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In the usage of modern Chinese and academic research，The term "religion" has become the corresponding word of "RELIGION"。From the perspective of the history of academic communication，From "Zong" and "Teaching" to "Religion"，Then to the interpreter of "Religion" and "Religion"，Reflecting the development and change of academic concepts in the process of western learning。First，The original meaning of "Zong" is a place to sacrifice ancestors，That is the temple，Later, "Ancestral、denominations "; while" teaching "is education、Education meaning。"Religious" word for connection，The earliest appeared in some Chinese translation Buddhism，The academic community usually believes that the word is "based on the ancestors，Supposion with teaching，Understanding the ancestors ";，The disciples of the Buddha are the sect，Division of Zong is religion，Along the meaning of religion "and other meanings，and become the reputation of the tradition of the Tripidica, Taoism, Taoism and Taoism in the later period。"RELIGION" corresponding to the concept of "religion"，I also experienced the history of conceptual evolution。From the source of the word，The European theoretical community generally believes that the word "Relige" originated from the Latin word "Religo"，Originally refers to Bet365 lotto review the awe of the ancient Romans and the worship of the gods of the Roman City State。"RELIGION" concept was established in the Middle Ages，Refers to the morality of Christian (Catholicism)，This is also the direct source of the concept of modern "RELIGION"。When it was introduced to China for the third time in modern Christianity，Chinese translation of "Relige"、Divine Education、Theology, etc.，Missionary most uses "Qin Chong" to refer to "Relige"。The concept of modern "RELIGION" was translated by the Japanese as the word "religion" in Chinese。Most of the academic community agrees that the term "religion" in Japanese is when the treaty signed a treaty in 1869，Created in order to translate the "Exercise of Relige"。until 1874，Only the word "religion" can be widely accepted by the Japanese academic community，The standard daily translation of "RELIGION" soon after that has since then，and introduced to China at the end of the 19th century。

Chinese translation problem about "RELIGION"，There are two more controversial focus in China，One is the background of the third time in Christianity mentioned above and the Japanese translation input，The other is the construction of the 20th century with the construction of Chinese religious disciplines、Research methods generated by the construction of academic evaluation system and discourse system。The research method of this humanistic discipline originated from the West，Western -style scientific thinking、Mode to study the humanities disciplines including "RELIGION"。With the increasingly deepening of Chinese religious research and comparative research on Chinese and Western religion，Scholars have questioned the mutual translation of "religion" and "Relige"，The key to the question is whether "religion" and "RELIGION" are consistent in connotation bet365 Play online games and extension，and "RELIGION" can be applied to Chinese religion and Chinese culture as Western religious concepts。For example，Zhang Zhang, Zhang, etc. in Japanese "Near Chinese，Yi Tongxiao "is the reason，Fake interpretation of "religion" and "religion" in Japanese，Kang Youwei、Zhu Xizu、Hu Shi and others criticized this。In their opinion，"Relige" contains a contractual relationship between God，This is not consistent with the faith in Chinese society。Another，Although the meaning of the concept of "RELIGION" is "centered on God"，Extended to "the highest entity" or "final care"，But it is still affected by the concept of western traditional religious views，When discussing China's godless religions such as Buddhism，Its legitimacy will inevitably be questioned。

As described earlier，The term "religion" used by the Chinese Academic Institute is foreign，With Western cultural background。So，To understand this concept，It is not enough to explain only from the source and semantics，It also needs to be grasped from the definition and formation of this concept。

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"Religion" is the basic concept of the inquiry of religion。Since the establishment of the discipline of religion，Religious scholars based on their own cultural background and subject vision，Diversified and complex definition of "religion"。As Jonathan Z. Smith said: "The term" religion 'is not a talent，but the scholars created and defined for the purpose of the scholars。Therefore，As a concept，‘Religion’ is built by a disciplinary vision，Its role is like the concept of ‘language’ for linguistics，or the concept of 'culture' to anthropology。If there is no such view，There is no religious research in the sense of the subject.。"Scholars are committed to new definitions of" religion "，Make this Bet365 app download "second -order concept" increasingly complicated，There is always no detailed revealing definition of religious phenomena，But this does not mean that the research made by scholars is meaningless，but reflect the complexity of the religion itself。Religion is not a "religion" specified by a certain definition，Instead of a variety of different definition connections。

As for the concept of "religion" in China，The activities of the Jesuit missionaries in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties。Missionary represented by Matteo Ricci，Analysis of Chinese society under the concept of religious concepts of the West，Taking the "highest god" as the starting point to examine Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism，The following judgments made the entire religious situation of China: the Chinese believe in "paganism"，Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism, and the three religions of the Taoism, Taoism, and Taoism include almost all the "superstitions" of the Chinese people。This religious concept has affected the early Western Sinologists and some modern Chinese scholars，formed the early "China -free theory of religious theory"。Reflection of this theory，Let us return to the formation of Chinese religious disciplines and basic problems in religious research，that is, "Problem of Religious Concepts"，and the theoretical problem of "Can you use Western religious concepts to explain China's religious and cultural traditions"。

Throughout China’s religious research，Its early theoretical terms and subject system，All under the tide of the western learning east，Based on the discipline system and academic research paradigm of modern West。This period，Western knowledge and discipline system becomes the standards and standards of Chinese intellectuals to review their own cultural traditions。Bet365 app download It is in this background，The concept and research ideas of early Chinese religion were formed，Many later religious researchers also followed this Western -style logical thinking conscious or unconscious，Its thinking fixed formula still has an impact on Chinese religion research and comparative Chinese and Western religious research。About the translation of key term translation and concept definition of "religion" and "RELIGION" translation，It also cited potential theoretical problems，If the academic circles are still discussing the "Chinese no religion theory", "whether Confucianism is religion" and "whether the folk belief is Chinese religion"。With the emergence of theoretical problems and Chinese scholars' in -depth research and reflection on Chinese religion，Many scholars point out the necessity of resetting religious concepts。This is not only a problem of dislocation of the meaning in the concept of religious concepts in modern times，and return to the reset of concepts in the context of traditional Chinese culture，More critical is，Reaizes to put Chinese religion in Chinese culture and traditions.。In fact，In the field of contemporary people's cultural disciplines，"Research on Religious Culture" gradually becomes an academic frontier，Religious researchers try to establish a comprehensive "religious culture"。From the perspective of related research in the international academic community，Religious researchers under the perspective of a comparative study of the history of world civilization or cultural history，The tendency to split "culture" and "religion" since the modern enlightenment movement，Advocate new methodology concepts，Re -understand the complex relationship of "religion and culture"，Deeply reflect on the religious traditions for different cultures、Bet365 app download The profound influence of civilization。At the same time as Chinese scholars learn from the research results of the history of world civilization，It is also actively exploring the nature of Chinese religion and Chinese culture、"Religious Culture" with characteristics and historical facts。

"Religious Culture Theory" in Chinese academics begins with Zhao Puchu's thinking on the relationship between "Buddhism and Chinese culture"，From the perspective of "integration of Buddhism and Chinese culture", he starts，clarify "Buddhism is culture"，and generally emphasize the cultural nature of Chinese religion。In recent years，China's religious scholars are rich and developed by this theory。Where，Mu Zhongjian's formation of religious culture theory、Theoretical value and practical significance have made a more comprehensive combing，and summarize the main connotation of religious culture theory。Scholars point out，Religious scholars and cultural scholars when studying "religious culture"，Need to start from the fundamental nature of religion and culture，Should explain religion with culture，Instead of religion to explain culture。As Lu Daji said: "In the history of Chinese culture，The relationship between religion and culture is very different from the special nature of the West; the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture are，Taking Confucian ethics as the standard rather than religious beliefs; Confucianism's ethical thought is the main root or core of Chinese culture; we are paying attention to the traditional law ethical religion、Taoism、The cultural influence of Buddhism and other religions at the same time，The sons culture with Confucius Confucianism as the main body should be the mainstream and center of Chinese culture in the axis era，From this to study the relationship Bet365 app download between various religions and mainstream culture in China，and the status and role of various religions in the history of Chinese culture。"" At the same time，Zhang Zhigang also pointed out，When discussing the inherent relationship between Chinese religion and Chinese culture，We should learn from the "integrated religion -cultural concept"，At the same time, take root in Chinese civilization soil，Based on the traditional Chinese culture，Create "Chinese -based religion -cultural concept"。

　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy at Peking University)