As the name suggests，Religious phenomenology is to study and interpret religion and belief in phenomenology。Different from traditional religious philosophy，Religious phenomenology does not demonstrate external sacred entities and systematic sacred classics in a rational way，Describes only from the religious phenomenon presented，Park religion as the meaning program and meaning system that is closely related to individual survival experience。The so -called religious phenomenon，The first place is the phenomenon of belief and consciousness，The personal belief experience of the believer、Awareness and survival experience。Research on Religious Phenomenology The first focus is on the main characteristics of religion as the main characteristics of faith activities，Emphasize the incompetent contrast between the subjective dimension of the psychological experience of faith，and think of it as the basis of religious research。

Specifically，Religious phenomenology is not a strict single method，Instead, a set of research methods that show different possibilities。For example, there is a broad sense religious phenomenology，refers to the "neutral" study of various phenomena of religion，Dedicated to describe and organize all religious phenomena，This method is close to religious morphology or type learning。Phenomenology in this sense，First from the literal meaning of "phenomenology"，At the same time, it also comes from Hegel's "Spiritual Phenomenology"，distinguish unity from diversity，Grasp its essence in the manifestation of religious diversity。The "comparative religious teaching" research method popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century，It aims to study through comparative comparative religious phenomena，Discover the common root of religion and development law，This is very close to religious phenomenology in the broad sense。Martin Buber、Paul Tillich、Schleiermacher (Friedrich SchleierMacher)、Bronislaw Malinowski、Jacques Maritain and others can be attributed to religious phenomenologists in the broad sense，Some people even put the Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach in this camp。

Compared with the broad religious phenomenon, the narrow religious phenomenology，This refers to the use of phenomenal methods to study religion，Study on phenomenology of the inner religious experience and belief of the subject，Come and find the essence of religious phenomena、meaning and structure。Bet365 lotto review This includes the use of Husserl's conscious phenomenology，and the existence of Heidegger's existence phenomenology and phenomenology of phenomenology in religious research。Heidegger is the pioneer of religious phenomenology research in narrow sense，Later Rudolf OTTO、Mircea Eliade、W. Brede Kristensen and Gerardus Van Der Leeuw and others have contributed to the construction of this narrow religious phenomenon method。This research method adheres to the way of ideological method of phenomenology "back to practical itself"。Phenomenon suspension entity，Construction of only description，Correspondingly in religious research, it does not preset any transcendence in the experience and consciousness of the believer，No longer regards the consequences of human belief experience and existence as a sacred entity that transcendence in the mind，but hanging sacred entities。For example，God of God's Profile to Natural Theology、Sacred order、Ultimate waiting，Only from the intuition and experience of people，Description and analysis of the sacred sense of individual in the framework of religious beliefs、Mysterious feeling、Awe of Awesome、Conscious structure of experience and other experiences，and the impulse to the person's shape of the person、The consciousness of my own limited and accidental、The desire for infiniteness and seeking the foundation of inevitable foundation, etc.，From this to present the meaning framework and effect of religion。This significance frame contains many religious elements，For example, myth、Inspiration、symbol、Ceremony、Pray、taboo、Religious holiday、Religious places、Religious classics, religious music and eulogy，But the narrow religious phenomenology is not directly studying these elements，Instead, disclose the meaning of these elements from the subject experience and belief consciousness。For example, Heidegger passed the analysis in his famous "Introduction to Religious Phenomenon" course、By analyzing the specific historical situation of people to interpret the primitive Christianity, especially Paul Shuxin，Based on the ideas of "formal guidance" and "actual life experience" based on his early stage，Disassembled the objects and understanding methods of religious experience。He pointed out，Paul's letter does not come from any ready -made sacred teachings or teachings，but only from the actual life experience and life situation of the Saints Paul。This is a typical case of narrow religious phenomenology research。

The research method of this phenomenon realizes the physical theory of Bet365 lotto review religious research to the theory of epistemology、The steering of value theory and interpretation，This is the religious criticism with the enlightenment philosophy、Especially Hume and Kant's questioning of natural theology and the deconstruction of the sacred entity，Also consistent with the modern shift of philosophical research。At the same time，Narrow religious phenomenology The demonstration and research on sacred entities in traditional religious research，Conscious analysis and interpretation of survival experience transformed into the main body，This position also makes it different from some common entry paths in religious research。

Therefore，Religious phenomenology in this sense is basically humanistic，Follow the research of people，Putting religion to human subjective belief experience，instead of directly discuss religion from the god or sacred classic，The god or sacred classic transcendence can be explained only in the dimension of human belief experience or existence。Van De Li is an important representative of the research of religious phenomenology in the narrow sense。In "Religious Phenomenology"，He leads God and religious issues from real fields to the field of consciousness，God is not an entity outside the mind，Instead, the intention of the consciousness itself。He tried to take religious consciousness as a "phenomenon" or "practical itself" in the phenomenon sense，Understand religion from the subjective structure of consciousness，regards mysterious religious phenomena as a necessary part of human self -understanding。For example, he thinks，People always experience their own strength and a kind of alien forces in real life，Religion occurs in an experience that encounters this kind of alien force，Religion is a symbol in this sense，revealing the inherent challenges of people's self -experience limitations and pointing to that transcendent alien force。The philosophical position similar to the narrow religious phenomenon is actually beginning to start with William James。The starting point of his "Religious Experience" is to talk about personal religious experience，He believes that institutional religion and personal religion belong to different levels or fields，The former follows God，The latter followers。Among them, personal religion is native，Is "the most source"，Religion essentially means "some emotions produced by individuals alone、behavior and experience，Makes him feel that he feels that he has a relationship with what he thinks he thinks "，institutional religion is the secondary life。Even the easiest religious ritual，It is bet365 best casino games also driven by the invisible inner religious motivation。"No matter which church，The power of its founders originally comes from the direct sense of their personal and God "。This view is similar to religious phenomenon。

From the traditional religious research method to the conversion of religious phenomenology methods in narrow senses，In fact, the evolution of the evolution from traditional philosophy to modern philosophy is actually behind it，That is, the essence of transcendence or the philosophical discussion of the entity，Follow the specific experience and conscious structure of the subject。Therefore, it can be said，Religious phenomenology The first concern is specific people，instead of religious external technology，Is a personal behavior，Not a ritual behavior，It is the experience of faith，instead of sacred doctrine，Its basic spirit is in line with the purpose of modern philosophy。In religious phenomenology，For religious rituals、Technology and other external factors，All are achieved by describing the inner tendency of the individual。If the other shore of religion is the reference system of this shore world，Is a mirror，So religious phenomenology is exactly let us see this mirror and see。Specifically，The following basic positions can be summarized in the narrow religious phenomenon research。

1. Persist in recklessness、Anti -returned humanistic position。Religious phenomenology research adheres to the independence of religion，Oppose the complexity of religion or restore the restoration of religion into sociology、Anthropology、Non -religious research positions such as psychology and economics，Instead, insist on people -oriented，Start from subject experience to study religious significance and religious experience itself。

2． Stick to hanging、Description and other phenomenology methods。For example, the value comparison of different religions，Value judgment of researchers，Keep value neutral，Start from the first person perspective of the believer，and only describe the religious phenomenon in truth。

3． Adhere to the grasp of meaning construction and meaning as a whole。Religious phenomenology's grasp of meaning is revealed by the study of the construction of belief and religious consciousness，From the overall vision of the "religious person", the meaning of the world structure，Grasp the meaning of the meaning of religion and the overall significance of the believer。

4． at last，Due to religious phenomenology, adherence to the neutral "standing outside" religion research，It is not dominated by specific beliefs and value，Instead, take the general human belief experience and consciousness as the bet365 Play online games theoretical starting point，Therefore, this research is not exclusive，No specific religious centralism will not appear，Instead, you can study multiple religions，Cross -cultural attributes that can fully pay attention to religious research，This is also the requirements of phenomenology。So，Globalization era of diversified value and religious conflict，Religious phenomenology can guide universal global religious dialogue。

We see，The overall tendency of religious phenomenology and the basic position with the basic position of Marxist religion。The ultimate purpose of Marxist religion is to "liberate the faith from the demon of religion" and "abolish the unreal and happiness of the people"，But this does not mean that Marxist religious research will eventually eliminate religions as historical phenomena and social phenomena，Long -term existence of religious existence as a critical and research object，There is a historical process in the emergence and demise of religion in social reality。And Marxist religion advocates no deeds，Actually, it is designed to deny the sacred value of the illusion of misleading the experience of belief，Destroy people believe that the people are really false in heaven，But religion itself is a meaning system as a historical product and human society，is a long -term study that can be conducted under the guidance of Marxism。

Marxist atheism does not recognize the sacred entity，Therefore, Marxist religious research is mainly concerned，It is a question of meaning built。Religious phenomenology as a scientific method，provided a path to "atheism"。According to the view of phenomenon，Religion is actually a meaningful question，Questions of the sacred entity，The question of meaning is the phenomenology to deal with。Also，Religious phenomenology is based on the anti -restorationist of "back to practical itself"、Anti -Treatment of Totalism，This coincides with Marxism's "seeking truth from facts"。

Another important point is，Research religion in a phenomenal way，Analyze the function of religion around the experience of people、Effectiveness and essence，This is also in line with Marxist religious concept，Religious research is about to be sacred，Convert religious issues into secular problems。Wish to know，Marx thinks，Religion is a form of alienation of people，The essence of religion is the essence of human，"People created religion，instead of religion created people "。Engels also pointed out in "Anti -Dulin Theory": "All religions are just the reflection of the fantasy of external forces that dominate people's daily life，In this reflection，The power of the world adopts the form of the power of the super on earth。”

If you put it in the bet365 live casino games history of thought，The philosophical resources of Marxist religion are French materialism in the 18th century、Enlightenment philosophy and religious criticism of German classical philosophy。French materialism reveals the hypocrisy of Christian theology、Nailing the sacred doctrine，The starting point for becoming a critical point of religion。In the German Classical Philosophy Camp，From Kant、Hegel to Ferbaa，Religious criticism is also a consistent position。Ferbaha holds the materialist position to attribute the essence of religion to the essence of man，God is not the result of the infiniteness of human thinking that to externalize the consciousness itself，Therefore, he restores the life of the fantasy in heaven into the life of a real person。Marx stands on the standpoint of the historical view of materialism, further pointed out: "Ferbaha attributed the essence of religion to the nature of man。but，The essence of a person is not an abstract object inherent in a single person，In its reality，It is the sum of all social relations。"" Similar to this thought and context，Phenomenology is also formed on the basis of critical inheritance of enlightenment philosophy and German classical philosophy，Enlightenment philosophy and German classical philosophy established the core position of the subject of rational person，and phenomenology further enrich the abstract rational person into the constructive consciousness and experience structure and specific life，Opposition to any abstraction，Understand people as a total of various relationship settings and relationships。This can be seen，Marxist religion and phenomenology have similar ideological history background，It reflects the highly consistent theoretical purpose。

Last，Because Marxist religion does not be on specific religion or specific beliefs，Instead, religion is studied as a specific human experience and historical phenomenon，Therefore, it is fully capable of studying diverse religions and conflicts between different religions with a scientific attitude，This is also very close to the position of religious phenomenology。Marxism emphasized on the basis of religious criticism that freedom of faith is a basic right to human beings，The overall view of the overall history is also capable of guiding an open tolerance、Multiple equality、New order of human civilization symbiosis。On the specific research method，Religious phenomenology as a scientific method provides a feasible path，Study religion with the phenomenon of belief experience and social relations，Get rid of the perspective and value judgment of the belief of specific bet365 live casino games religion，So as to guide the comparative research and dialogue of multiple religions，so as to condense the common value of all mankind，Make theoretical contribution to the constructive community of human destiny。

Of course we must also recognize，On the one hand, it can be said，The research path of religious phenomenology provides a specific operational possibility for Marxist religion，But at the same time，During the research process of religious phenomenology, it advocates a neutral value and value suspension，Therefore, as a research method, it must be placed under the value framework of Marxist religion before it can be expanded。

In general，Religious phenomenology starts from the description of the belief experience and conscious structure of the subject，Analysis of the meaning system of various elements of religion，This is the modernization of religious research、Effective ways of scientificization。Because the phenomenon method has many common points with Marxist positions，Therefore, religious phenomenology and Marxist religion also have a lot of communication，It can be said，Religious phenomenology not only does not violate the basic position of Marxist religion，It should also be regarded as one of the specific research perspectives and methods of Marxist religion。Through the phenomenon method，An atheism、"Back to the truth itself"、People -centered religious studies can be developed。

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