"Hysteria" (Hysteria)，Chinese translation "癔 癔"，Ancient Greek text from the "uterus"。From the perspective of its word，It is a condition for women。In history，hysteria has indeed been regarded as a female disease for a long time，There are many symptoms，Including convulsions、I feel lost、I feel lost、throat obstruction, excessive emotional performance, etc.。The ancients attributed the cause of the onset of the hysteria as the uterine out of place，Move in the body。Plato's "Timorio" pointed out，The uterus on the woman，The desire to be pregnant; if long for a long time，I will be irritable，Roaming in the body，Obstruct breathing，Bringing extreme pain, causing various diseases。This view has a profound impact in Western history。To modern times，People gradually realize that hysteria has nothing to do with the organic lesions of the body，It is related to the mental or psychological status of the subject，Among them, the social environment is an important external cause。The end of the 19th century was an important period of this conceptual transformation，French doctor Charcoe use hypnosis to observe、Analysis and the treatment of female patients with hysteria，And Freud further explored the psychological mechanism formed by the disease。hysteria is of great significance for the production of psychoanalytic theory，Some people think that the latter can be regarded as the son of a hysterical female patient。

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1980，The American Society of Psychiatric Society released the third edition of the "Diagnosis and Statistics Manual of Psychiatric Diseases" (DSM III)，Hysteria lost the position as a clear clinical disease name。Almost the same period as this medical concept Bet365 app download change，hysteria is re -interpreted by "feminist name"。The second wave of feminism is rising，Feminists have pointed out，hysteria is not a neuria (neurosis)，but a social disease (Sociosis)，It is "the exaggerated medical metaphor that a man found in the opposite sex and the exaggerated medical metaphor that is difficult to control"。The difficult body symptoms that are not flat are not pure medical symptoms，Instead of culture,，It is a concrete expression in the form of oppression。As Eleine Schumart said，At this time, the feminist will be hysteria as the "native female language" passed through non -language body signals。

Carol Lulson Bog thinks，hysteria female patients are both products of the culture of the times，It is also its complaint。She takes the 19th century American society as an example，It is pointed out that this disease originated from social specifications related to gender。The ideal woman created by related social specifications is this: weak、Elegant and sensitive; economic dependence，Emotional obedience; spread love next to the fireplace and infant bed、Care、Anning and Happy。Compared with it，Independent、Enter the heart、Curiosity and perseverance of perseverance are regarded as men's quality，Is that women should not have。but，"Little Woman" cultivated according to this ideal can not adapt to social reality at all，Because of the qualified wife or mother's character, it just needs to be rational、Strong、Self -sacrifice and other quality and ability to withstand pain。Women who have no power to adapt to this reality are relentlessly abandoned by society，hysteria becomes a way to express dissatisfaction unconsciously。Once you suffer from this condition，They can put down the heavy daily housework in the local area，Dodge reality，You can also get the attention and care of the people around the people who feel missing。

Diana Hunter re -analyzed the famous case of hysteria bet365 best casino games at the end of the 19th century -Anna Ou。This case appears in the book "Hysteria Studies" in the union of Freud and Broyer，and the latter is called "the seeds of all psychoanalytic"。Young Anna Ou's disease is diverse when the disease occurs，In addition to the sharp decline in weight、Arms and legs and even the whole body spasm、Visual and hearing abnormalities、Dreamwim、Emotional out of control, etc.，It also includes abnormal speech function，Unable to organize the use of German as a mother tongue，But speak English fluently、French and other foreign words。Freud and Broyer did not give a full explanation of this language symptoms。but，Henter believes that there is a motivation to resist here: Anna Ou is unconsciously resentful and rejected the humble status of daughters in the family of the orthodox Jewish family。Language rules are actually entangled with cultural specifications。In a patriarchal system，The ability to send words and sentences with words and acceptance of the authoritarian authority、The default density of gender level system is inseparable。The germination of the subject consciousness、The construction of the worldview is also the gradual acquisition of the language structure。So，Anna Ou's language disorder symbolizes the escape from the patriarchal society，and the return of the forward language stage。From this point of view，Hysteria is the same as feminism: feminism can be said to be a hysteria that changes to the public politics stage，And hysteria exists in personal psychiatry science、Female doctrines lacking external contact。In fact，Popular culture does often deduct the hats of "hysteria patients" for feminists，Ironics are crazy，No longer obey the role arrangement of the patriarchal society。

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This period of feminism about hysteria，It is mainly based on the research and criticism of psychoanalysis bet365 live casino games theory of psychoanalytic theory of the first 20th century in the late 19th century。Female doctrine discovery，Although Freud's psychoanalysis creates a new concept system to get to know hysteria，But the revealing of women's identity or personality seems to return to the old way to treat hysteria: to solve "penis jealousy"，To seek a missing penis，Women still have to get married and give birth。This implies a patriarchal system、The assumption of anti -feminism and female hate complex，That is, women are a kind of castration existence，is a damaged or missing man，Is the negative of men。From this，Women want a substitute for life -children，And this can only be obtained through marriage and childbirth。That's for this，Marriage and fertility are the main definition of "normal" female personality，The rejection of this one -way fate can only be revealed unconsciously through the various strange physical levels，They are pathized by social consciousness to hysteria。

Cecili Defro pointed out，Basis as a psychoanalysis，"Invention" in Hydronentians is also the "invention" of modern women's characteristics，Is a modern medical discourse.。bet365 best casino games at the end of the 19th century，This confirmation occurred in the background of the national structure of normal and natural national structures: eugenics related to racial durations are involved，Erossing the important mission of women in the succession of the passage; women who try to work out and persist in the government at home and other forces, and other forces have a tension relationship; opposition to birth measures becomes a global common action。Defro thinks，All this is nothing more than reiterating the property of men in a patriarchal society。Those fate of those gender characters，People who refuse to be the so -called "normal" woman are treated with new theoretical tools -they are hysterical patients。From this perspective，At the end of the 19th bet365 live casino games century, psychoanalysis this "new bottle"，Installed this "old wine"，Its intention is to start asking for the right to educate when the female consciousness that is constantly awakened、Employment right、Election rights and other environments emphasize their biological fate，Forced them to do what the so -called female "should" do。

Female doctrine is keen to study hysteria，Not only to point out its social historicity，Display the gender oppression of the patriarchal society in the 19th century and its pathological strategy for dissatisfaction，In order to carry forward the spirit of the struggle，With the help of oppression, the resistance forces to promote the demise of oppression。In other words，Female doctrine must subvert the parent system，Opposition to regard women as men's negatives，The source of the value of women's life as men，The vast space of trying to open the definition of women or achieve self -achievement。Defro pointed out，Feminism is actually re -reflecting on the concept of the "main body" of Western society and its control of language and meaning。

Nearly a century after a period，Freud's hysterical female patients in the 1970s and 1980s were changed to be radical feminist scholars、Literary Critics、Artists and social activists，The latter regards the former as a heroine，and require the right to "become a hysterical patient"。In this kind of enthusiastic atmosphere in this kind of feminism，There are also some scholars who behave very calmly。Schwalt believes that the modern "marriage" of hysterical and feminism is "strange"，And those so -called heroines are just some unsatisfactory fetuses and marginal people。Due to unfortunately and protesting for a long time, unattended，When publicly expresses these negative emotions, it is very dangerous，People slowly become out of control; the anger created by society on them is converted into the abnormal symptoms of the body，Even if it bet365 live casino games will be violent or suicide。So，For all disadvantaged groups，hysteria is not a romantic ideal，but a kind of pain、twisted and desperate performance。Compared to the public struggle that is organized by these groups，The ruler must be more happy to see the dissatisfaction conveyed through physical symptoms at the personal level。So those hysterical patients have not promoted historical progress in the sick bed，On the contrary, they bring danger to feminism。Feminist who really should like the heroine is not the maniac that is not the restless hysteria patient -Anna Ou，Instead of running out of the ward, run an orphanage、Social activist who set up the Jewish Women's Federation and actively promotes feminism -Bisha Pappepenheim (Anna Ou's real name)。

Whether hysterical "marriage" with feminism is romantic or strange，The entanglement of the two is not accidental。The first wave of feminism was when it broke out bet365 best casino games at the end of the 19th century，It is also when Hylute hysteria was "scientific" when was "scientific" in Spertric Hospital in Paris。If they are all in the form of oppression of the patriarchal system，So the second wave of feminism from Ye Xing in the second half of the 20th century，Nor can I have no hysterical figure，Because of the gender inequality at this time, it is just updated，The content has not changed。Enter the 21st century，hysteria appears in academic and popular culture。At this time，"The uterus is still a place to fight for women's rights，It is still a place for (women's) identity and meaning to work hard "，Feminists are against abortion、sexual harassment、Porn products and professional women's survival dilemma and other issues actively vocalized。hysteria is no longer a "movement uterus" problem，It is what Schwalt calls the "Story of Tour"，The background of this story is far from disappearing。

　　（This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Research on Disables in the Perspective of Contemporary Western Ethics and Political Philosophy" (18CZX054)、Shandong Social Science Planning Youth Project "Family -Family in Feminist Philosophy Family -Work Conflict、Entry and Solving Path "(18dzxj01) and the phased achievement of the" Analysis of equal dimensions of equality in contemporary political philosophy in contemporary political philosophy in contemporary political philosophy ")

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of Shandong Academy of Social Sciences)