Well -known，"Father of Modern Economics" Adam Stush is a professor of moral philosophy，His book "National Wealth Theory" and "Moral Love Theory" have triggered the controversy "Smith paradox": an economic outlook with self -interest and ethics with sympathy as the core。"Smith Paradox" Zhaoyuan in the German history school in the late 19th century，But the most important impact of this paradox dates back to the claims of Marshall from the University of Cambridge, which is taught in the Cambridge University, which is taught by the University of Cambridge.。Since Cambridge University in 1903, a century of the first economic honor test was held，Economics becomes the "Queen" of the entire social science。There are many discussions on the academic community about "Smith Paradox"，During today, a relatively important consensus has been reached in the emerging economic ethics，As Amartia Mori said: "If you can systematically read and understand the non -prejudice of Adam Smith's works，Believers and drummers who are self -interested are unable to find the basis from there。Actually，Moral philosophers and pioneer economists have not advocated a kind of schizophrenia life。It is modern economics that narrowed Adam Smith on human behavior，This has created an important defect in contemporary economic theory。"" In terms of contemporary economic development，"Smith Paradox" is no longer a theoretical problem，As a real economic ethics problem，It questioned all economic ethical scholars: Is it necessary and possible to achieve moral planning Bet365 app download in the assumption of the "rational economy" assumption?

Ami Tia Sen believes，The failure of moral planning in modern economic activities is mainly caused by the separation of mainstream economics after the separation Bet365 lotto review of economics and ethics: "Due to some inexplicable reasons，Paraidity comparison between individuals，It was considered a standard or ethical at that time，Of course, it can be said that the effectiveness of individuals is completely meaningless，I found that this is a proposition that is easy to understand but unacceptable。If this proposition can be established，So ethics is equivalent to meaningless。"Ami Tiasen Mori attributed this" inexplicable reason "to the economics theory of the 1930s，As Robbins said in "The Nature and Significance of Economic Sciences": "Except for the side side by side of economics and ethics，An attempt to combine them in any other form，Logically it seems impossible。”

According to Amartia Mori，The process of ethicalization of economics is caused by artificial reasons。This process began in the discipline differentiation proposition Bet365 lotto review of economics and ethics proposed by Marshall，Developed in Robins and others to promote the ethics of economics。But the intriguing is，Robbins's views made in the 1930s were not widely accepted by the theoretical world until 1980。Careful reviewing the history of economic development will be discovered，Economics that the full rise in the world is not a simple artificial event，There are profound historical reasons behind it。So，Internal elements that promote the separation of economics and ethics，What are the objective reasons for the rapid development of economics?

Looking back on these "inexplicable reasons"，First of all, what is the objective reason for bet365 best casino games people who accept this general view。From the history of the long -term development Bet365 lotto review of economics and ethics，Adam Smith provides a strong defense for the legitimacy of the development of modern economic development in "National Wealth"。This theory was the beginning of a new type of economic relationship at that time，Known as "invisible hand"。Before that，The core principles of dealing with economic ethics relations are described by Aristotle as this: "The purpose of the country is generally promoting a better life。The purpose of the economy is as a last resort。"As Aristotle said，It is a last resort to make money，Wealth is obviously not what we really want to pursue，Just because it has tools that can achieve other purposes，The ultimate purpose of the economy is politics。So，Politics is also called "the art of commander" by Aristotle。And Adam Smith reversed the relationship between the economic and ethics established by Aristoto in "The theory of the National Wealth"，Political command position is quietly replaced by "invisible hands"。To some extent，This "invisible hand" does live up to expectations，Regulating social production、The moral relationship of life has played a vital role。As Marshall summarized: "All the knowledge of the processing and the problem is religious，The learning of the problem is economical。"Although this view is very extreme，But from the context of this history，You can glimpse such a fact: the ethics that deal with people's production relationships and daily life is undergoing huge fundamental changes -based on ethics、Traditional moral governance methods for politics，Based on interests、Modern social governance methods for the purpose of economy，bet365 best casino games and the strong economic removal of ethics in the 1980s is just the development and continuation of the above situation。It is the change in production relations that has caused the complete changes in moral planning and people's universal acceptance of modern economics theory。In short，These theories and social development are actually fit，It is consistent with people’s moral life needs，This is the fundamental reason for its universalization。

Further analyzes the origin of this problem，There are two important changes worth noting。One is the global economic activity that has caused huge changes in people's production and lifestyle since the 19th century。The second is the empiricalization of social science research methods。The first change caused this problem: According to the past moral principles, the main relationship between people who have occurred in modern times，Economic Relations。Compared to this economic relationship，The previous moral principles were mainly to handle the political ethical relationship between people。This moral norm can no longer meet the needs of global economic and trade development。The second change caused this result: research on economics more prefer to study the way of personal economic behavior。In other words，Breaking from the restraint of politics and ethics，Research methods for economics no longer pursue the essence of people，and the tool for analyzing people's behavior。

You need to return to "Smith Paradox" here，If economics research is no longer preset, the essence of people，So what should I think of Adam Smith about human nature? First review the famous discussion of Adam Smith: "The food we need is not from the slaughtering industry、Brewery、The grace bet365 live casino games of the bread industry，and just the concerns of their own interests。"" Whether it is the slaughter industry、The brewing industry is still the bread industry，These fine social division of labor generation is less than 300 years old。It can be said to be sure，The development of productivity promotes the division of labor，Industry division of labor has promoted the emergence and evolution of the market economy，and the market economy requires people to carry out a conscious and self -interest way to benefit his economic behavior。In short，The nature of a person is formed unconsciously in frequent market economy trading activities。Secondly review the changes in human wealth in human beings。From the maritime carriage to the sun to the sun，People start to seize wealth from the world through economic means，The capital market quickly connects every corner of the world; and when the chain of the entire human beings is connected together，It is also connected by the moral chain，Because people always rely on each other in economic activities、Co -undertake risk。In short，In modern society，Moral and economy is still entangled。So，Agreement becomes an important thing，This is also an important reason why Amartia Mori has called on the status and role of Adam Smith's "Moral Love" in modern economics。Therefore, Smith's so -called "self -interest in life"，In essence, it is just an objective requirement for economic activities，His original intention is not to remove the moral norms in economic activities，Instead of establishing a new moral order suitable for modern economic activities。

Dan's new economic and moral order established by Adam Smith obviously has the subjective tendency Bet365 lotto review of traditional moral philosophy -preset the essence of human morality as "sympathy"，and this feature is inevitable with the inevitability of economics pursuing benefits。Although many economists claim that economics work hard for the gain of human well -being，But the facts prove，There is no kind of economic theory that has made everyone's well -being properly satisfied。This situation comes from the duality of the purpose of economics: the difference between the well -being and the happy life of the people brought by the economy。The performance of people is closely related to people's happy life，But the two are not completely consistent。When the utility and human happiness conflict，The competitiveness of the market economy must inevitably require economic activities to sacrifice personal happiness，Personal efficiency of gain。Similarly，The essence of the ethical movement of ethics and ethics in the 1980s also originated from this contradiction。The essence of "removing ethics" is to re -establish a moral order serving emerging economic activities。But，The economists at the time did not realize，Although traditional moral order hinders economic activities，But the moral order itself is not meaningless，This leads to "removing ethics" brings catastrophic consequences and the rise of contemporary economic ethics。

Overall，It is the objective change of human activity methods that have caused subject changes in economics and ethics。The key difference between economics and ethics is that the direct purpose of economics is transformed into benefits; secondly, whoever serves the two; finally is the difference in research methods。That's for this，The fundamental reason for the discipline differentiation Bet365 lotto review of economics and ethics and the research method of the research method is the change of human activities -economic activities have become the most important way for human activities; the direct reason is that traditional ethics can no longer meet the regulation of social activities to regulate social activities need。

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