Although they both belong to the "Anglo-Saxon" cultural circle，There is a very obvious difference in organizational discipline between British bet365 live casino games and American bet365 live casino games。American bet365 live casino games have always been known for their looseness，The organizational discipline of British bet365 live casino games is much stronger。

There are obvious differences between different bet365 live casino games in terms of organizational discipline，This difference is most obviously reflected between Eastern and Western countries。Most Western bet365 live casino games are formed in a liberal democratic environment，Organizational discipline is often loose。What is different from Western bet365 live casino games，Most bet365 live casino games in developing countries were formed during the anti-imperialist and anti-colonial processes，The harsh struggle environment and arduous struggle tasks have enabled these bet365 live casino games to form strong organizational discipline。To this，Political scientist Apter uses the concepts of "representative party" and "unity party" to summarize the two different types of bet365 live casino games mentioned above: representative parties arise from political alliances，Operating within the framework of the Harmonized System，Follow election rules and have a highly institutionalized leadership role；The Unity Party originated from a social movement，Committed to changing society、Reconstructing social relations，Achieve ideological goals。

In fact，Even within Western countries，Between bet365 live casino games in different countries or even different bet365 live casino games in the same country，There are also differences in the organizational discipline of bet365 live casino games。The most typical case is，Although they both belong to the "Anglo-Saxon" cultural circle，There is a very obvious difference in organizational discipline between British bet365 live casino games and American bet365 live casino games。American bet365 live casino games have always been known for their looseness，The organizational discipline of British bet365 live casino games is much stronger。How to explain the difference？The answer must be many aspects，This article starts from the electoral system、Government type、Origin method、National structural form and other factors to explain the differences in the discipline of party organizations。

　　The impact of the electoral bet365 live casino games

The electoral system has an important and direct impact on the discipline of bet365 live casino games。As some scholars have noted，“The electoral system has other influences on the style and conduct of British government”。Due to the implementation of single-member district majority election system，Members of Congress do not need to compete with comrades of their own party during the election process in their own constituencies。This prompts them to focus on national affairs rather than local affairs，Because the power to nominate members is in the hands of national bet365 live casino games，Acquiring party nomination is an important prerequisite for them to be elected。The result is that these MPs are highly dependent on the support of their own party leaders，This high degree of dependence creates strong organizational discipline in Parliament (strong party discipline in Parliament)。Nominally speaking，Policies of bet365 live casino games are finalized by parliamentary caucuses and reviewed and approved by the annual party conference。In fact，Party leaders control the agenda of the party’s annual conference，Also controls the agenda of the parliamentary group，Especially for the ruling party。Therefore，The single-constituency majority election implemented in the UK has created strong organizational discipline among British bet365 live casino games in parliament。

　　The influence of government bet365 live casino games

In comparison，Although the United States also implements a single-district majority election system，But the organizational discipline of American bet365 live casino games is far inferior to that of the United Kingdom。Therefore，The electoral system alone cannot fully explain the differences in the discipline of party organizations。The most obvious difference between the United States and the United Kingdom is the difference in political system type，Britain is a typical parliamentary system，The United States is a typical presidential system，Different types of government will also have an impact on the discipline of bet365 live casino games。

Generally speaking，Presidential system is more likely to lead to loose party structure than parliamentary system。Under a presidential system，As the head of the executive branch, the president lacks effective control over members of his own party in the parliament，The election of members does not depend on the support of the president，This decentralized structure makes it difficult for bet365 live casino games under the presidential system to form a high degree of organizational discipline。Italian scholar Angelo Panibianco pointed out，"In any democracy，There are two kinds of supreme power: one is the power to call for elections；The second is the power to design political issues that belong to the people’s sovereignty”。In his opinion，The first power can be used by the cabinet to advise the king to dissolve parliament。This forms the basis of party discipline。“As a means of political control，The dangerous manipulation of elections is an organizational force of immeasurable value and importance" "giving parliamentary leaders enormous power to control parliamentary parties as well as parties outside parliament"。Therefore，In this sense，The British party system is centralized。And in the United States，“Due to the complete abolition of the important democratic power of calling for elections by the provisions of the Constitution” “Due to the absence of important organizational power，The American party system is decentralized”。

　　The influence of the origin of bet365 live casino games

Electoral system and political system type can explain the differences in organizational discipline of bet365 live casino games in different countries，But，How to explain the differences in organizational discipline of different bet365 live casino games in the same country？After all, these parties are under the same government type and electoral system，Therefore, it is necessary to explore the differences in organizational discipline of different bet365 live casino games from the perspective of their origins。

About the impact of the origin of bet365 live casino games on the discipline of party organizations，Academic circles have also paid attention to it for a long time。French political scientist Duverge divided bet365 live casino games into two types according to their origin models: endogenous type，The political party formed within the parliament，Like the British Conservative Party；Exogenous type，That is, a political party formed outside the parliament，such as the British Labor Party。Compared with endogenous parties，Exogenous parties are usually more centralized、More discipline and organizational cohesion。Italian political scientist Angelo Panibianco divided the origin mode of bet365 live casino games into territorial penetration and territorial diffusion。Regional penetration refers to "when central control、When inspiring or guiding the development of the ‘periphery’，Geographic penetration will happen，That is, establishing local and intermediary political party associations”；Geographical expansion refers to “when organizational development originates from spontaneous sprouts，That is, local elites formed bet365 live casino games and associations，When these associations are integrated into national organizations，Geographical expansion will happen”。Organizational development through geographical penetration means，There was a very united "central" presence from the beginning；A political party that develops through geographical expansion，The formation of the party’s leadership is often more turbulent and complex。In other words，Parties that develop through geographical penetration tend to be more organized。

　　The influence of bet365 live casino games structural form

Except for the electoral system、Government type、Outside of origin，National structure will also have an impact on the party organization system。American political scientist Epstein earlier noted that the form of national structure has an important impact on the party system: in a centralized unitary state，bet365 live casino games are often national organizations when they are first established，Local parties have much less influence；And in a federal environment，Parties are organized mainly for regional elections，Instead of organizing a national political party with regional branches，National parties are mainly alliances of state (provincial or regional) parties。

The structural form of the state serves as the constitutional environment for the emergence and operation of bet365 live casino games，It will inevitably have an impact on the form and operation of bet365 live casino games。Generally speaking，The national power structure is consistent with the political party organizational form in the vertical dimension，That is, unitary countries often produce centralized bet365 live casino games，Federal countries often produce decentralized parties。Such consistency can be seen in many countries，For example, the United States and Switzerland are typical federal countries，The national parties in these two countries are actually alliances of local party organizations at the national level，Party organizations are highly decentralized，The organizational discipline of bet365 live casino games is relatively weak；Japan and the United Kingdom are both unitary countries，The national bet365 live casino games in these two countries are centralized parties with strong organization and discipline。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of Public Administration, South bet365 live casino games University for Nationalities)