After the 1960s，The United States is experiencing the civil rights movement、Black Power Movement、After the dispute between the "Equation Act" and "Cultural War"，It seems that karma has entered the "post -race" era of racial integration。But social racial problems are not eliminated，but the undercurrent surge，The racial relationship crisis in the United States is highlighted again。

When the victory of ordinary people is immersed in the civil rights movement and the racial relationship on the surface is harmonious，A group of African American writers still keenly insight into deep problems in American racial relations。The results of this literary thinking，It is a large number of novels of contemporary African -American slave -related novels (hereinafter referred to as "Novels of slave -related novels"，The critics are also generally called "New Slave narrative")。

In short，"Novels of Slave -related Novels" refers to those diversified narrative perspectives (especially increasing black women's perspectives)，Taking the reconnaissance or slavery -related African collective or individual experience as the narrative content，To respond、Questions and constructing white people dominated historical writing as narrative purpose，The narrative method with a weird but changeable but basically characteristic characteristics of black mouth，Through the diversified postmodernist writing skills，imitation of the show、mutual text、collage、Ironics、Stranger, etc.Bet365 lotto review , from the perspective of contemporary perspectives, the African American novels that appeared from the 1960s to the beginning of this century。The temperature of the civil rights movement and the popularity of film and television works in the United States in the 1970s，It is the real soil of the society and culture it produces。But，concerns about racial amnesia，Doubt about the mainstream history of slavery history and literary reproduction、response and "inverse writing"，The real kinetic energy of the novel literature of novels of non -descent slaves。

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The most significant feature of "Novels of Slave themes" is that the history of slavery on the theme of narrative。Margaret Walker, who is considered to be the originator of "Novels of Slavery", to build a "true" of history，Spending ten years to prepare "Jubilee，1966) Material。She will make folk elements，such as the Black People's Song、Dialect、Religious、Folk stories, etc. incorporate narrative，This impulse to create real sense，The text of the classic slaves is exactly the same。On the surface, it and Alex Harry "Roots，1976) The attributes are similar，It seems to be a tributary of the trend of the root of African Americans。But from a deeper look at，It reverses the tradition of writing African -American history from top to bottom。The fundamental purpose of its creation，Let the black slave "speak"，Let them be the central figure of the history of slavery to tell a more bloody history，Correct the "official" (that is, white) historical and literary deviations of black slaves。Walker's attention to the lack of black slaves in the writing of white slaves，A response in many slave bet365 best casino games -related novels after her，For example, "The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman，1971）。

Like Walker，Other African writers also combine historical novels and black people，But the difference is that they are trying to use the rumors of some historical famous figures as wedges，Restore the "real" "lowercase" history under the slave system。In this regard, female writers are very good，Typical works such as "Sally Hemings， 1979）。The historical background of the novel is the scandal of the US President Thomas Jefferson and the female Nali Hermingus。Jess-Lib's combination of historical materials and literary imagination，Undested traditional cognition: On the one hand, pull the presidential image of Jefferson from the altar，Restore it as a human defect that may have as an ordinary person; on the other hand,，Breaking the stereotype of the female black slave Hemins as the victim，Instead, a unique African -American woman is displayed in front of the world，Reconstruction of history in the plot of true and fantasy stories。

　　Family exploration source and understanding

Another important theme of the "Novels of Slave -related Novels" is the pursuit of hidden history of family。Frantz Fannon (Frantz Fannon) in the 20th Century Black Rights Movement (Frantz Fannon) conducts clinical research on colonial black groups，These black people exist in general inferiority plots and colonial schizophrenia。He in "Black Skin，White Mask，I tried to explain this phenomenon with the concept of "fatal survival psychological symptoms"。He thinks，This psychological crux can be traced back to that violent colonial history。Try to erase the traumatic effects of slavery system on future generations，bet365 live casino games Knowing yourself、Understand Self、Accepting self is the consensus of many writers of "slave -related novels"。

Corregidora，1975）、David Brightley's "The Chaneysville Incident，1981) and Lyon Frester's "Two Wings to Veil My Face， 1983) These three works，Breaking the linear historical narrative in the narrative method，Tracing a hidden history of family trauma with fragmented trauma。The heroes in the novel shoulder the heavy responsibility of historical heritage，How to face historical trauma by reproducing these family memories is a problem that they need to solve in real society。Comparison of comparison，Okitavia Bartler's "Kindred" (Kindred， 1979) Family exploration source，It looks more complicated and plump。Batler uses the "crossing" science fiction means to build two -way space -time in the text，Let the young couples of modern society from black and white races "experienced" the history of slavery，"close" family past in the reconstruction of historical events，Re -examine the relationship between the black and white races -the main theme of the black and white races except isolation and confrontation，There are also complex、Contradiction、Trusting、Pain but difficult to separate kinship。Black and white races need to know myself through historical memories。

　　Diverse coexistence

Compared with classic slave narratives，"Novels of Slave theme" group writers formed a diverse coexistence on the road to pursue freedom of creative。Ishmel Reed is undoubtedly incorporated into the post -modern form of innovation into the pioneer in the imitation and rewriting of slaves。Throughout the creative career of Reed with the tide of postmodern literature、At the same Bet365 app download time, it reflects the creative ideas of African American literature，It is mainly manifested in two aspects: one，Incorporates the "Xinfu Du Teaching Aesthetics" ideas into its narrative structure to deconstruct the European center theory;，Use time and space to go wrong、Play imitation and other postmodernist writing techniques to deconstruct western classic text and text。In his debut "The Free-Lance Pallbearers，1967) and "Yellow Back Back Radio Broke-DOWN，1969) In these two works，Ride Rong Ironics、Drama imitation、Comedy and Fantasy in one furnace，Politics for American、Religious、White、Black、Popular culture、The academic interest group carried out ruthless mockery; the masterpiece of his reputation "Mangbo Qiongbo" is a typical post -modern anti -detective novel text。Reed through the drama，Significantly politics、Culture and race and other topics embedded in works，The rewriting is mainly manifested in the three major elements of detective novels -the mystery of crime (mysterious incident)、Detective image and narrative structure one by one。other，His other work "Escape Canada" uses a poem called "Escape Canada" written by the protagonist to subvert the classic slave to describe the creative form of "I was born ..."。

Charles Johnson is also a typical typical work in literary creation.。He's disappointment and rebellion of classic slaves in his creative motivation，The main manifestation is the subversion of classic characters in the novel creation、The re -shaping of the author of the slave narrative and the reorganization of freedom and slavery; widely adopt post -modern novel skills such as interoperability in creative methods，and absorb nutrients from the exotic oriental philosophy bet365 Play online games and culture; strive to create a new class of African -American American literature in creative goals- "Black Philosophy" novel。The novel "The Legend of the Cow" is inspired by the "Ten Niu Maps" of the Chinese Song Dynasty's Buddhist works，Increased black experience and Oriental philosophy elements in creative skills。Johnson borrows ready -made Buddhist allegons and allusions，cleverly combined the practice process shown in "Ten Bull Pictures" with the process of exploring the self -exploring self -exploring themselves。Johnson is the process of incorporated black slaves to seek physical freedom and spiritual freedom into the framework of Buddhism，Try to open up new ways to get rid of slavery for African -American compatriots。

Performance of the literary scene of contemporary African -American slave -related novels，We found that although these texts have the purpose of playing the mainstream history，There are also features of text games。But the purpose is not to deny history existence，Instead of questioning objective、No modification、The legitimacy of the real western mainstream history，Repair history from the level of cultural practice，The authority of challenging traditional historical writing。Of course, the real purpose of the "Novels of Slave -related Novels" is not so much to write a past history from the present perspective，It is better to say that the memory of the past is to write a history about the current history。Because in the final analysis，The hidden dangers of the American reality of the American reality are their lingering worries。

　　(The author is a member of the State Social Science Fund Project "Research on Contemporary African -American slave -related novels"、Ph.D. student at the School of Foreign Languages ​​of Fujian Normal University; Professor of Foreign Language Institute of Foreign Languages ​​of Fujian Normal University)