Feng Qi (November 1915 -March 1995)，Formerly known as Feng Baolin，Once used as Feng Baozheng，Zhejiang Zhuji people。In 1935, he was admitted to the Department of Philosophy of Tsinghua University，Master from Jin Yuelin、Feng Youlan、Tong Tong，After graduating from graduate school in 1944, he taught at Yunnan University、Tongji University、Fudan University、Shanghai Textile Engineering College、Daxia University、East China Normal University。Feng Qi was the director of the Department of Political and Education, East China Normal University、Honorary Director of the Department of Philosophy of East China Normal University、President of the Shanghai Philosophy Society、Deputy Dean of the Academy of Social Sciences、Vice Chairman of Shanghai Social Science Federation、Vice President of the Chinese Philosophy History Society、President of the Chinese Dialectic Logic Society and other positions，It is a member of the first subject evaluation team of the Degree Committee of the State Council。1991 "Zeng Xianzi Award"。

1957，Feng Qi's "How to Know the World" published，Affected by Mao Zedong，Mao Zedong recommends this book to the staff around you to read。The masterpieces of Feng Qi include "Three Wisdom": "Knowing the World and Knowing yourself", "Dialectics of Logical Thinking", "Freedom and Truthfulness and Beauty of Man"; two types of philosophy: "The Logic Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy", "China" The Revolution of Modern Philosophy "，"Exploration of Smart", "Exploration of Wisdom · Supplementary Editor", etc.。Feng Qi has undertaken the national philosophy and social sciences "Six Five", "Seventy Five" and "Eighth Five -Year Plan" key project，The editor -in -chief "Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism", "Principles of Marxism", "History of Modern Chinese Philosophy", "Selection of Chinese Philosophy", "Philosophy Dictionary", "Foreign Philosophy Dictionary", etc.。2016，Volume Eleven Ben "Feng Qi Wen Ji" Published。

1943，Feng Qi (first from left) with Lu Du、Deng Aimin in Southwest China。 Information pictures

Feng Qi (1915-1995)，Born in Zhuji, Zhejiang，It is the famous Marxist philosopher and Chinese philosophy historian of contemporary China。After the death of Feng Qi，There is such a paragraph in the essay of "Philosophy Research": "In the contemporary Chinese philosophy world，There are not many people in and out of various philosophical fields like Feng Qi; there are fewer people who put forward many profound thoughts in each field like Feng Qi，As for building such a rich original idea like him, it is built into a person with such a merger of philosophical system，is even less and less。"firmly follow practice materialism philosophy，In the ancient and modern、It will innovate the realization of Marxist philosophy system in China and the West，Constantly promoting Sinicization of Marxist philosophy，This is probably the most authentic portrayal of Feng Qi's life。

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Feng Qi's philosophy of philosophy，Beginning in 1935 admitted to the Department of Philosophy of Tsinghua University。He believes: "Save the country，There must be theory，The most fundamental theory is philosophy "，Therefore, I am determined to study philosophy，Seeking the road to the country。Feng Qi participated in the "One Two Nine" student movement，Witness the suffering and crisis faced by the Chinese nation，Like the majority of aspiring youth at the time，Thinking hard for the question of "where China goes"。

The 1920s and 1930s，A group of scholars from Tsinghua University advocate the style of "compatible with ancient and modern Chinese and Western"，Known as "Tsinghua School" by the academic community。among the teachers of "Tsinghua School"，What has a greater influence on Feng Qi is Jin Yuelin、Feng Youlan。Jin Yuelin returned from studying in the UK as the director of the Department of Philosophy，Longer than logic research，Pay attention to the use of logical analysis methods in philosophical research，Direct impact on Feng Qi。Feng Qi electree Feng bet365 live casino games Youlan's "History of Chinese Philosophy" course，I have a deep understanding of the development of Chinese philosophy for thousands of years。During the Southwest United University，Feng Qi has also selected courses such as Tang Yongtong's "History of Indian Philosophy", "Wei Jin Xuanxue" and "European Mainland China" and other courses，Greed up the philosophy vision。Follow Jin Yuelin during the graduate student，Feng Qi read the manuscript of Jin Yuelin's "knowledge theory" and "On Tao"，"I really feel that I have a philosophical problem, I have to solve it"。This problem is knowledge and wisdom、The relationship between the domain and the domain of the famous saying，It is actually a major era that contains internal contradictions containing science and humanism。In the process of thinking about this problem，Feng Qi often find Jin Yuelin、Discuss and ask for advice。

and Feng Qi really solved this problem，After reading Mao Zedong’s work。From the date of the "One Two Nine" movement，Feng Qi accepted Marxism。Feng Qi read the book written by the Soviets，Read Li Da、Ai Sichi's book，Read the English version of Marx、Engels、Lenin's work，firmly believe that Marxism can save China。After the Anti -Japanese War was fully erupted，Feng Qiyi joined the torrent of this nation's anti -Japanese war，Go to the front line of the Anti -Japanese War in Shanxi，Go to Yan'an to receive baptism and join the Communist Party of China。During this period，Feng Qi came into contact with the reality of the revolution，contact Chinese Marxist，I have a deeper understanding of Marxist theory。Especially after reading Mao Zedong’s "On the Outstanding War" and "New Democraticism"，He has a great vibration in his mind，"Heart Yuecheng Service"。Mao Zedong's criticism of "Dead theory" and "Speed ​​Winning theory" and analysis of the three stages of the Sino -Japanese War in the "On the Specific War"，Give the front line warrior huge encouragement，It also made Feng Qi really feel how Marxist philosophy is "to persuade people with the thoroughness and strictness of theory"。Later I arrived at Kunming，Feng Qi reads Mao Zedong’s "New Democraticism"。Mao Zedong's analysis of the two steps of the Chinese Revolution is divided into two steps of the new democratic revolution and the socialist revolution，and the proposal of "Reflecting the Action Revolution"，Make Feng Qi feel the huge logical power of Marxist philosophy again。"Really want to engage in philosophy，"Really want to engage in philosophy，It should be advanced along the path of dialectical materialism "。He found，The Marxist philosophical textbook of the Soviet mode only talks about knowledge theory，instead of talking about wisdom doctrine，So I stipulated myself a philosophical task- "According to practical materialist dialectics, clarify from ignorance to knowledge、Dialectical Movement of Wisdom from Knowledge "。1944，Graduation of Feng Qi graduate，The topic of graduation thesis is "Wisdom"。

Feng Qi not only chose the philosophical path of practical materialism，And keep adhering to the practice of physical materialism philosophy for a lifetime。After the founding of New China，Feng Qi has long been engaged in the teaching and research work of Marxist philosophy for a long time，hard work on the academic garden of Marxist philosophy。After reform and opening up，Unprecedented active academic circles，Research on Marxist philosophy also discussed due to the problem of truth standards、Discussion on humanitarianism and alienation、Discussion on Practical Materialism Pressing on a new page。Feng Qi regained the pen and hard work，Leave a book、Thesis、Communication, etc. A total of about 7 million words of writing。These writings were sorted as ten volumes of "Feng Qi Wen Ji" at the end of the 20th century，In the early 21st century, it was added to eleven volumes。In the academic practice of his life，Feng Qi is unswervingly insisted on practicing the philosophy of materialism，Consciously use Marxist philosophy as the theoretical guidance of academic research，vividly interpreted the theoretical belief and academic pursuit of a firm Marxist。Feng Qi influenced a large number of scholars with his firm philosophical bet365 live casino games beliefs，Many of his students have become the backbone and leaders of the Chinese academic community today。

　　Examination of the development of Chinese philosophy

A distinctive feature of Feng Qi's rule，It is to closely combine the development of Marxist philosophy with the development of Chinese philosophy for thinking and research。Feng Qi's position from Marxism、Viewpoint、Method for departure，The development of Chinese philosophy for thousands of years、Comprehensive、overall inspection，Created "The Logical Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy" (3 volumes in total)、"Revolutionary Process of Modern Chinese Philosophy" and other philosophical historical history articles。

The early 1980s，Feng Qi's "The Logic Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy" is divided、Middle、The next volume is published one after another。In these three volumes，He conducted a comprehensive investigation of ancient Chinese philosophy before the pre -Qin to Opium War。He explicitly proposed，The purpose of studying ancient Chinese philosophy is to "use Marxist dialectics to study the history of philosophy，The regularity of the theoretical thinking "。Feng Qi regards social practice as the inherent basis of grasping the development of philosophy，Emphasize that the people and the revolutionary class is the main body of social practice，The history of philosophy is the dialectical movement of the knowledge of human social practice。It is not difficult to see，He consciously uses the historical view of Marxist philosophy to study the history of Chinese philosophy。At the same time，He also consciously integrates Marxist methodology into the research process of the history of Chinese philosophy。Feng Qi emphasized，In the process of studying the history of Chinese philosophy，Combine the method of adhering to the historical method and logic，regards the development of philosophy as a spiral -rising movement; at the same time，Also uses scientific comparative methods，Both the analogy，Comparison again; in addition，Also stands at the advanced stage of development to review history，That is, to grasp the development clues of the history of philosophy from the height of dialectical materialism，Critically inherited the ancient philosophical heritage。Consciously guided by Marxist philosophy，It is an important feature of this history of philosophy; for the purpose of exploring the inner "logic" of seeking philosophical development，It is a distinctive feature of this philosophical history.。

1989，Feng Qi's "Revolutionary Process of Modern Chinese Philosophy" published。In this book，He systematically inspected the development process of Chinese philosophy from the Opium War to the founding of New China。Compared with the "Logic Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy" focuses on the "logic" of the history of philosophy，"The Revolution of Modern Chinese Philosophy" more focuses on the "history" of the history of philosophy。Feng Qi's consideration is: "In modern times，Due to reality experienced drastic changes，Thinners have changed their lives in their lives，Often too late to form a strict philosophical system。Therefore，I don't think it is demanding on the systemicization of modern philosophy，Instead, we should pay attention to the unique contribution of thinkers at a certain historical stage，See what new ideas they put forward at the time to oppose the old concept，thus promoted the revolutionary process of modern Chinese philosophy。""，The whole book follows the four chapters of the four chapters of the four chapters of the materialist dialectics of the materialist dialectics "in the" pre -driven of modern Chinese philosophy "," The Evolution of the Philosophy Revolution "," The Film War and the Philosophy Revolution of the New Old Thoughts and the Philosophy Revolution.，Panorama reproduces the "ancient, modern Chinese and Western" disputes experienced by Chinese philosophy and the great philosophy revolution under the context of unprecedented national disasters and huge social reforms。From Feng Qi's view，The great achievements of the modern Chinese philosophy revolution are manifested as the combination of Marxist philosophy and Chinese revolutionary practice，Correctly answered the question of "where China goes" at a certain historical stage，So "The Philosophy Bet365 lotto review Revolution becomes the pioneer of the political revolution"。In the perspective of Sinicization of Marxist philosophy in detail, examine the development process of modern Chinese philosophy，It is a distinctive feature of this philosophical history.，It is also an important contribution of this work。

These two philosophical historical books of Feng Qi completely outline the process of Chinese philosophy from the pre -Qin Dynasty to the establishment of history for more than 2,000 years of history，magnificent momentum，Rich in content。First，Divided the development stage of Chinese philosophy。Feng Qi divided the development of Chinese philosophy into three major stages: First, the pre -Qin philosophy，It is mainly manifested as the argument of heaven and man and the name of the name; the second is the philosophy from the Qin and Han dynasties (before the Opium War)，Debate from Xing Shi、Whether there is any debate developed to the argument of the heart、Debate of the device; third, modern Chinese philosophy，evolved from the debate of the Taoist to the evolution theory and the historical view of materialism，evolved from the debate of the heart to dialectical materialism and historical materialism，evolved from the reputation to form logic and dialectical logic，evolved from the debate of heaven and man to freedom and idealism。The above three stages are from Xunzi、Wang Fuzhi、Mao Zedong made a summary，Three "circles" formed by the development of Chinese philosophy。Next，Summarized the theoretical gains and losses of Chinese philosophy。Feng Qi pointed out，The positive achievements of the pre -Qin philosophy are mainly reflected in two aspects of epistemology and logic，The philosophy of the Qin and Han dynasties from the Qing (before the Opium War) is theory of epistemology、Logic、Tiandao View、The four aspects of the humanitarian view have been achieved with positive results，The positive achievements of modern philosophy are manifested in the proposal of Mao Zedong's "reflection of the active revolution" and in methodology、The theoretical exploration on the freedom of people。The theoretical thinking lesson of ancient Chinese philosophy is that Confucian idealism hinders the development of scientific development and the neglect of formal logic hindering the formation of scientific methods，The theoretical thinking lesson of modern philosophy is the failure to overcome the theory of destiny theory and the monarchy、Ignoring the duality of farmers' consciousness。Last，Looking forward to the future prospects of Chinese philosophy。About ancient Chinese philosophy，Feng Qi thinks，"Under the guidance of Marxist philosophy，Promoting the advantages of my country's traditional philosophy，overcome its weaknesses "。About modern Chinese philosophy，Feng Qi thinks，"Completed" contains "Weiji"，The Philosophy Revolution will continue。Feng Qi emphasized，If modern philosophy studies "logic of revolution"，Then contemporary philosophy should study "logic of construction"。Feng Qi thinks，Today the world is in the influence of East and West culture、The era of tendency to flow，We are facing hundreds of global contention，Chinese philosophy will carry forward their national characteristics and become an important part of the world philosophy and have an increasingly impact in the world。

Many viewpoints put forward by Feng Qi on the system inspection of Chinese philosophy，Not only strong academicity，And has important practical significance。Feng Qi's "circle" theory of the development of Chinese philosophy is similar to the "three circles" of Western modern philosophy described by Lenin，It has attracted the attention and discussion of the academic world。Feng Qi's analysis of the gains and losses of Chinese philosophy theory still has a warning effect today，Thinking of people。Analysis of Feng Qi on the future development of Chinese philosophy，enhanced people's confidence in traditional philosophy and confidence in the development of future national philosophy。It is worth mentioning is，Feng Qi conducted a detailed analysis of the contribution of more than a dozen Marxist theorists from Li Dazhao to Mao Zedong，It is believed that their contribution reflects "the trend of Chinese and Western philosophy began to flow on Chinese Bet365 app download land"，This is comprehensive for people、Executive propositions of grasping Marxist philosophy this important proposition provides rich information and unique perspective。In short，Feng Qi's system inspection of the development of Chinese philosophy，highlight the unique status and modern value in the history of world philosophy in the history of world philosophy，reveals the inevitability and world significance of the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy，It has important theoretical and practical significance。

"Logic Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy" information picture

"How to Know the World" information picture

　　"Wisdom Theory" The Construction of the Philosophy System

After decades of contemplation，Feng Qi built a new system that is different from textbook Marxist philosophy，That is the "Wisdom Theory" philosophical system。This philosophy system was formed in the early 1990s，In October 1994, the title of "Exploration of Wisdom — Smart Talking" Introduction was included in the book "Exploration of Wisdom"，Feng Qi was published publicly by "Academic Research" three months after his death，and quickly aroused widespread attention and enthusiastic discussion in academic circles at home and abroad。1997，The 10th International Chinese Philosophy Conference held in South Korea established Feng Qi philosophy special session。2015，East China Normal University held a "World -based Hundreds of Fangs and Chinese Philosophy Self -confidence -Commemorating Feng Qi Centennial Birthday International Academic Symposium"。

"Wisdom Theory" philosophy system consists of three articles，For "Knowing the World and Knowing yourself", "Dialectics of Logical Thinking", "Freedom of Human Freedom, Truthfulness and Goodness"。In the article "Knowing the World and Know yourself"，Feng Qi attributed the issue of epistemology to the four aspects: Can you give it objective? Can theoretical thinking grasp generally effective regular knowledge?，Discussion on the above problems。From Feng Qi's view，The feeling obtained in practice can give objective reality，Knowledge and experience is to cure reality from the way of reality，"Word、Italian "can grasp" Tao "，Active intuition through rational、Comprehensive of speculation、Morality self -certification can realize the leap of "transfers into wisdom"。In the "Dialectics of Logical Thinking"，Feng Qi departs from practical materialism dialectics，Explained how the dialectics of knowledge transform through the category of logical thinking into a general principle of methodology。Feng Qi regards dialectical logic as the growth point of materialist dialectics and the growth point of Marxist philosophy，Discuss the dialectics of the logical thinking process and the dialectics of logical thinking form，Analysis of the "class", "reason" and "reason" logic category of ancient Chinese philosophy，Proposed a series of basic principles of methodology。In the article "Freedom of Man, Truthfulness, Goodness and Beauty"，Feng Qi explored how the dialectics of understanding run through the field of value theory，Freedom personality in making ideals a activity of reality and creating truthfulness and beauty。Feng Qi regards the freedom of the person as the ideal of turning ideals as reality to achieve true、Good、Unified beauty，True、Good、Meida is the ideal of life、Moral Ideal、Aesthetic ideal and closely connected value category，Putting people's freedom of labor as the cornerstone of the value system，It is considered that the reasonable value system is consistent with the development of society and the development of human essential power。Feng Qi also proposed，Today we are going to cultivate a civilian free personality。above three articles，independent of each other，The logic of a "one -piece and two wings" has a strict logic of the "one -piece and two wings" together。

Feng Qi's "Wisdom Theory" philosophical system is distinctive.，It is closely combined with the actual situation of China，Rongma at the same time、Middle、West in one。Feng Qi preached in the late 1980s: "The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China restored the ideological route of truthful seeking，Only the understanding of national conditions。Now we have proposed the theory of the primary stage of socialism，Requirement bet365 live casino games in reform、Socialism with Chinese characteristics in openness。Under new historical conditions，How to further develop the philosophical revolution? More specifically，What kind of effort should you make first，can keep up with the pace of the times，To really answer the time in theory? "This paragraph actually reflects the original intention of Feng Qi to revise the Marxist philosophy system。It can be said in a certain sense，The "Wisdom Theory" philosophy system built by Feng Qi，Is the philosophical reflection on the question of "where China goes"。This reflection contains Feng Qi for the Chinese Revolution、Construction and historical and cultural thinking，But it is not simply summarizing the lessons of experience，It also reflects a theoretical purpose that "will pass through the Chinese and Western to win"。Feng Qi's "Wisdom Theory" philosophy system is taken by Marxist philosophy、Fusion of various academic perspectives of Chinese and Western philosophy，While drawing on the achievements of Western outstanding philosophy, it demonstrates the important value of traditional Chinese philosophy，Has a broad vision of world philosophy。For a long time，Affected by the Soviet textbook Marxist philosophy system，Chinese Marxist philosophy still exists in the characteristics of Mao Zedong called "foreign philosophy"。Feng Qi's "Wisdom Theory" not only focuses on the reasonable factors of Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy，Also pay attention to absorbing the new achievements of the contemporary scientific and technological revolution，Good overcoming the defects of the textbook Marxist philosophy system，It is a new form of the Chinese Marxist philosophy and academic system after reform and opening up，It is one of the important achievements achieved by Marxist philosophy theory。

Many domestic scholars think，Compared with the achievements achieved in the Institute of Philosophy，Feng Qi's innovation achievements in Marxist philosophy are greater，This is not unreasonable。In fact，In its "Wisdom Theory" philosophical system，Feng Qi from the theory of knowledge、Logic、Value Theory、Method Theory、Cultural Philosophy、Ideological Theory、Ideological Theory、The essential theory of a person、Personalism and other aspects innovatively elaborated the theory of Marxist philosophy。Feng Qi has not only expanded the domain space of Marxist philosophy through many aspects of the above aspects，and put forward original viewpoints in every specific field。After reading Feng Qi's "Wisdom Theory"，Often feel refreshing。Feng Qi's "Wisdom Theory" enriches Marxist philosophy theory，I have made important contributions to the development of the era of Marxist philosophy。

　　The true color of "Lovers"

Philosophy is the learning of Ai Zhi。Feng Qi has a famous saying: "No matter what the situation is，Always maintain the free thinking of the soul，This is the true color of the ‘wise man’。"" "After restoring the college entrance examination and graduate system，Feng Qi talked about it in the talk with graduate students，If a philosopher can not keep the heart of the heart，It is impossible to be a real philosopher，It will lose the true nature of the "lovers"。Feng Qi had an interview in his later years，When asked, "Looking back on your philosophical career，What are you think of the most important quality of a philosopher? "，His answer is "Always maintaining the freedom of the soul"。Keep your heart free thinking，It is the true nature of Feng Qi as a Marxist "lover"，It is also the inherent character of Feng Qi's philosophy。

Feng Qi thinks，Keep your heart free thinking，Is the correct attitude towards Marxist philosophy。From Feng Qi's view，Treat Marxist philosophy，First understand it，Freedom thinking、Free discussion，Comparison analysis，Make a certain choice，This is true in favor of it。Independent thinking is important，But "Communicate with Revolutionary Comrade，and Teacher、Friend、It is also important to discuss free discussions "。visible，Feng Qi proposed "Keep the Freedom of the Soul"，It does not mean that I will do my own、"Freedom Thinking" of Tianma Wing Kong，Instead, it means dare to think independently and courage to innovate，It emphasizes that there bet365 Play online games must be a kind of tolerance spirit and forming an atmosphere of a kind of consequences。In the mid -to -late 1980s，Editor -in -chief of Feng Qi, Marxist principle textbook，He wrote such a paragraph in the first saying of the textbook: "In today's world，No other doctrine like Marxism，Winning so many people's approval，It has been opposed by so many people ... Marxism cannot be imposed in people，Only on the basis of understanding，After comparison in free discussion，Make a certain choice，can it be said to really agree with it。Writer expects，The elaboration of this book can provide the agreed argument for the agent，Also the argument to the opponents properly refute，Make the suspect's comparison and eliminate doubts。"" "，Where in Feng Qi，"Freedom of keeping the mind" is not just an attitude，Still a spirit，It "critical with the philosophy of Marxist philosophy、Make the suspect's comparison and eliminate doubts、One pulse inherited。

The 1950s and 1960s，Feng Qi proposed the famous "two modernizations" theory，that is, the theory of turning the theory，Hua theory is virtue "。The proposal of Feng Qi "Two Hua" theory，This is "Encouraging yourself is also encouraging classmates"，But it responds to the slogan of "theoretical connection actual" proposed by the Party Central Committee from philosophical，So it will have a large impact soon。"The theory is the method，The theory of the theory is virtue "，refers to Marxist philosophy theory。"Hua" in which emphasizes，Both Marxist philosophy must be transformed into a way to understand the world and transform the world，It is necessary to transform Marxist philosophy into personal morality。Feng Qi thinks，Turn theoretical into virtue，It is to use the philosophical world view to cultivate personality，Make people from "know" and then "virtue"，It requires that it always feels like one、Consistent words and deeds，Requires sincerely、Perseverely implement theory。Feng Qi proposed "the theory of turning the theory as virtue"，Its purpose is to require Marxist philosophy to "criticize、Revolutionary "spiritualization into an important part of individual morality，Hope philosophy can become the character of a philosopher。In a letter in the early 1990s，Feng Qi wrote: "Freedom of the soul is the source of all creations。Without spiritual freedom, there is no art、No philosophy、No real morality。"in Feng Qi，"The theory of turning the theory is virtue" and "the free thinking of maintaining the soul" is the internal penetration。

Feng Qi pursuing wisdom for life，Always maintain the true color of the "wise"，Is a real wise。He said: "My student said I am always an idealist。This is probably good，I really want to use my work to cultivate people’s rationality、Belief、virtue。"He has done theoretical turning into virtue，Achieve my life，It also made my own philosophy。Feng Qi's learning harmony is highly unified，His philosophy and personality are internal consistent。

　(The author is a special professor of the Marxist School of Marxism at Zhongnan University of Economics and Law、Executive Director of Hubei Provincial Philosophy Society)