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   ■Lei Jieqiong and her husband Professor Yan Jingyao's information picture

   ■ "Lei Jie Qiong Wenji"      Information pictures

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If you choose sociology in the United States in the 1920s when studying in the United States as a major in your life，By Death from January 2011，Professor Lei Jieqiong has worked hard in the field of sociological teaching and research for more than 80 years。Looking back at Mr. Lei ’s more than 80 years of academic road，We can see patriotism、Xingguo and the country are the motivation she devoted to learning in sociology.，It is also the original intention and end of her lifelong academic research。After Mr. Lei died，Peking University made such an evaluation in the electricity of his family: "Mr. Lei Jieqiong dedicated his entire efforts to the motherland and the people，It is a great modern woman who experienced the test of blood and fire test and historical torrent。"as her student，We think this evaluation is very important。

　　Application for it

Mr. Lei Jieqiong was born in September 1905。At that time，Shenzhou Earth is just "Long Night difficult to Ming Chi County，A century -old monster dance 跹 跹 跹 跹，The danger of the death of the dead country is hung on the head of the Chinese people。and Mr. Zhi to enter the youth，People are not talking about life，People are not talking about life，All these are deeply printed in her mind。When the May 4th Movement broke out，Mr. Lei has studied at the women's normal school in Guangdong Province，Under the influence of the Beijing Student Movement，Students from Guangzhou also quickly organize，Mr. was also recommended by the students of the teacher school as the Propaganda Minister，Take a post on the street with my classmates，Pompa to blame，Stimpe the arms: the country rises，Pompa to blame。Mr. Lei in an article in his later years in an article that recalled his youth，This is how Chen Bai's own heart was: the country's crisis，The suffering of the people，Make my love of the country and the people began to sprout。She said: "May 4th spirit is a bright lamp that illuminates my life path。”

1924，Mr. Lei 19 years old，With the support of his father, Mr. Lei Zichang，Far crossing the ocean，Study in the United States。After the May 4th Movement，Science and democracy have penetrated the bone marrow of Mr.，Become the belief of Mr. Lei's lifetime，She confirms that science and democracy are the first way to realize her patriotism and the ideal of reporting to the country。She recalled a discussion with her father before studying abroad in an article，Said that she was affected by the theory of study and saving the country at the time，Want to "combine the person's hard work and save the motherland and the people"。The enlightened father gave her "since childhood，Dare to rush into the big society "" Deep relief "，Agree with her studying abroad，But I hope she is in medicine、Choose one as a professional in law and art，Because these three majors "can be economical independence in society"。After Mr. Lei came to the United States，I have been considering what to do is the most conducive to saving the country and reporting to the country。She first studied chemical engineering at the University of California，I believe that this is the road of scientifically saving the country。Later，She found that sociology has the effects of the world with the world，It is a discipline that discovered the path to the truth through empirical research under the guidance of Bet365 lotto review overall theoretical research，Following her to save the country through science and education、The ideal of Xingguo and Limin。So，She went to the University of Southern California to study sociology，and finally graduated with excellent results。During the University of Southern California，She participated in the "Anti -Emperor Union" and "International Student Association"，I also met early party members of the Communist Party of China，Listen to their discussion about saving China，Inspired and influence。

1931，After obtaining a master's degree in sociology from the Department of Sociology of the University of Southern California，Coincoving Xu Shilian, director of the Department of Sociology and Social Service of Yanjing University, go to the United States to hire a teacher in applied sociology。Yanjing University is the important town of Chinese sociology，It is also the birthplace of social work education，At that time, the social work major was named after "social services"。The Department of Sociology, Yanjing University, established in 1922，It was renamed the Department of Sociology and Social Service in 1925。1930，Xu Shilian proposed "Cultivation of specialized talents in social service work，In -service staff of training social service agencies，Pay special attention to social surveys，Make students understand the current social situation in China，The school policy of mastering the method of collecting scientific materials，Mr. Shen Helei mind，Therefore, he is happy to be hired by Yanjing University。Because of Mr. Lei's view，Sociology includes theoretical sociology and applied sociology，Application sociology includes social problems and social work，Social work is divided into broad and narrow senses。Social work in a broad sense refers to social policy and social welfare cause，Social work in the narrow sense refers to social relief and social services。According to this understanding，Mr. Lei regards sociological theory as the theoretical basis for social work，Social survey as a tool for understanding and analyzing social problems，And to help difficult groups solve problems through facilities and other forms of social services，This is her "learning to use"。Her academic career also starts。

Mr. Lei taught the Department of Sociology and Social Service at Yanjing University's Sociology and Social Services Department.。From these courses names，We can see Mr. Lei's pragmatic tendency for society。Mr. Lei also participated in the construction of the Qinghe Pilot Zone of the Department，Take students to internship every year。During this time at Yanjing University，Mr. Lei "Xiaqing River、Shangding County，Visit the slum，Entry Embarrants "，"Essence to understand the life of the people at the bottom of society"; she once and Wu Wenzao、Bingxin couple goes to Baotou along the Pingsui Railway、Datong conducts investigation，Mr. Wu Wenzao, the director of the Department of Sociology and Social Service, left a deep impression。Mr. Wu praised her to teach seriously，Take students to visit the countryside to visit the poor，"A enthusiastic person"。

　　Research starts from actual

Persistence of thought comes from practice，It can be said that it is the methodological basis for Mr. Lei's sociological thought。It is because of her pursuit of science，So when Mr. Lei enters the field of sociology，She naturally tended to the empiricalism of experience in the United States at that time in the United States。This is also related to her willingness to engage in social practice。Empiricalism refers to the empirical exploration method of knowledge，According to this method，All people's knowledge is finally obtained from their sensory Bet365 app download experience or experience materials，Sociological theory comes from researchers 'practice (more specifically it is research from researchers' experience research，In -depth investigation of various social phenomena from researchers)，It is also necessary to accept the test of practice and develop with the development of practice、Development of new facts。

This concept was established from the time of studying in the United States，until the 1990s，Mr. Lei never changed this original intention，Perseverance must start from reality rather than defined，and always explore the world、Exploring various social phenomena or social problems maintains a strong desire to knowledge and strong professional interest。When I was studying as early as the United States，She will use the second -generation Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, California (that is, the generation born in the United States) as a research object，Adhere to the method of adopting face -to -face interviews，Collect the information needed by the Institute of Experience。Starting from the survey，It took me nearly a year to complete the master's degree thesis。In the early 1930s，She returns to teach at the Department of Sociology and Social Service at Yanjing University，The course that adheres to your own teaching must be based on field surveys。Reading her article, we will also find，The judgment or conclusion she made，All have her own experience information for support，or it can be affirmed by the reader's own experience。It can be said，Her rigorous learning style is developed on the basis of this methodology。

Another important connotation of her sociological methodology thought is the overall social view。In a speech in 1983，She made a clear expression on this: (Sociology) The characteristic of "use society as a whole to study，Use the overall view to analyze the problem。"" is based on such an overall social view，She believes "society is a whole，All aspects are to be coordinated，It has improved on the one hand，Can't catch up with other aspects，Disordering phenomenon appears，Become a problem "。From this we can see that Mr. Lei's society must coordinate development，This view has rich performance in its subsequent academic research。

Another side of this overall social view is to analyze social phenomena from the perspective of changes，It is believed that the changes in the role of society due to some factors or various factors，or changes in a certain component in society，will cause changes in social composition or other composition。This is the "social change" theory in sociological theory。Changing is naturally dynamic，is a view of change and development。As early as the 1930s，She used this view to examine the relationship between social systems，Point out "the formation of social organizations，Due to the consistent and adjustment of various social systems，Therefore a social system change，Changes changed by other social systems "。After 1949，She accepted the worldview of dialectical materialism and historical materialism，More consciously using materialist dialectics to study the relationship between social phenomena。early 1990s，When she saw the economy and society due to the rapid development of the economy、Education、Culture and technology and other aspects of development are not coordinated，It is clearly proposed: Economy and society must coordinate development，and in -depth discussion on this。

　　Focus on Application Sociology Research

From the theory that must be from the actual and theory, you must connect with the actual methodological position，Mr. Lei gave strong attention to application sociology。She thinks，Sociology can be divided into two Bet365 app download parts: theoretical sociology and application sociology。"The development process of theoretical sociology research throughout society、Law，Factors of social structure and changes，This is theoretical research。Applied sociology is the principle of social science、Principles to understand society，Discover social problems，Analysis of social problems，Plan proposal to solve social problems，This is the content of application sociology。"" Press her idea，Research social issues，Solving social problems is the first priority of application sociology，It is also a main point of starting to implement her intention to "learn and use"。Mr. Lei's basic view of social problems is the theory of social disorder。In the history of sociological development，Social disorders theory is the same early social organic theory、Functional theory and social pathology are associated with。Although these theories have different interpretations of society，But they have a common point，It is believed that society should be a system that has a complex structure inside but coordinated with each other，Coordination of mutual coordination should be the ideal state of the social system，Relationship imbalance is a problem with the social system，This is a social problem。

Of course，She does not simply use social disorders theory to explain social problems，Because it is only resolved here to help the solution of actual problems，This，What causes cause social disorders is a question that must be answered。Although she believes that in some cases，But in general, she is more inclined to explain problems with institutional disorders，that is, the specific social system defects lead to the emergence of social problems。This can be called institutional disorder theory or institutional defective theory。In terms of actual treatment of social problems，She tends to use "social work" as a starting point。This is why she has devoted so much effort to the development of Chinese social work after confirming the academic undertakings she had worked as her life.。

Mr. Lei did not regard application sociology as "the principle of social science、Principles to understand society，Discover social problems，Analysis of social problems，Plan for solving social problems "。In her eyes，Application sociology contains research practice。As mentioned earlier，She believes that sociology is a basis for the theoretical and knowledge of empirical research，At the same time, it is a way and measures to solve major social problems in reality through social investigations，As a result, the solution of these problems is the subject of the task，that is, it "knows society，Reform Society "is the purpose。So，She will also obtain experience information through social surveys and further achieve the process of social development、The regular understanding of the constituent composition of the society，For the coordinated development of society，The theory of development and enriching sociology is an important task for applied sociology。Starting in the Department of Sociology and Social Service at Yanjing University in the 1930s，Professor Lei Jieqiong actively invests in experience research，A number of social surveys from the Department of Sociology and Social Service of Yanjing University。After 1980，As a host，guided the national philosophy and social sciences "Sixth Five -Year Plan" key topic "Chinese City Marriage、Family Status Status and its Development Trends "and" Seventh Five -Year Plan "key topics" The changes in rural marriage and family since the reform of the economic system ".，and made great progress in family sociology theory。In the closing of the bet365 Play online games Annual Conference of the Chinese Social Society in 1982，She emphasized that the results of the survey analysis should be raised to the theoretical level，Establishing the theoretical system of Chinese socialist sociology。After the restoration of the sociology in 1979，Using sociological theory、Method to study the real problem of Chinese reality，Based on this, the formation of China's own sociological theory，There is still a gap compared with foreign countries。So，In the speech at the International Symposium on Chinese Sociology Research in 1991，She calls on the majority of sociologists to intervene in China's actual social life，On the basis of in -depth understanding of China's national conditions，Summary and summary theoretical summary。

　　Dedicated to Sociology Sinicization

Sociology "Sinicization" (in more common saying is "localization") is the wish of Chinese older generation of sociologists，Many of them have devoted their lifelong energy to this。The 1980s，Sociology resumes and rebuild in China，Mr. Lei even regards this as his incomparable responsibility。1988，She pointed out in the speech at the academic achievement seminar at the late Yanjing University and the Southwest United University's academic achievement seminar，Sociology Sinicization is the problem of theoretical connection，instead of blindly plagiarizing foreign doctrine。To be Chinese, you must study Chinese society，Pay attention to investigation and research。She also mentioned，Although the older generation of sociologists, because of the constraints of the times, can not use Marxist position methods and viewpoints at that time，But when they are engaged in social surveys, they attach great importance to methodology，It is also scientific。Research methods for western sociology also have options、Use critical use。In the speech at the International Symposium on Chinese Sociology Research in 1991，She emphasized further，How to apply sociology to researching China’s realistic problems，This is a problem that needs to be solved urgently。

The thinking and exploration of Mr. Lei is first reflected in her research on Chinese urban and rural families。As early as 1937，She uses the social system of sociology to coordinate each other、Viewpoint of interconnected，Analysis of the relationship between family system and other social systems。She pointed out in the article "Research and Discussion on Chinese Family Issues": "If a social system has changed，and other systems will not change with it，The social system disorder，Social problems。"She thought further，"Change of the social and economic system，Family cannot be adjusted for unsatisfactory changes。Family economic foundation shakes due to changes in the social and economic system，Family function and structural change，Questions born from the cause "。So，Her conclusion is，"Family problems are very complicated，Non -systematic objective research，Can't understand its relationships in all aspects，Non not to find the fundamental solution。Research home discomfort phenomenon，More enough to understand the change of society。Family problems occur in social changes。The truth about family problems，It can understand the trend of social changes。Therefore, studying home problems should be first paid attention to the socio -economic and cultural background "。These views of Mr. Lei indicate，In family sociology research，Her theoretical position tends to be a macro perspective in the institutional background of socioeconomic and cultural system and the interaction of the family system。At the same time，It also shows that she has taken into account the possibility of observing the various Bet365 app download aspects of the family as an indicator of social changes。

1980s，After the sociology of mainland China resumed reconstruction，She has been guiding the "changes in rural marriage and family since the reform of the economic system".，The theoretical point of view is evolved into a theoretical hypothesis: the impact of the rural economic system reform with the main signs of the family coalition production contracted responsibility system on rural families is first from changing the production function of the family，and then affect other functions of the family、Family relations and family structure，This leads to a comprehensive change in rural families。This assumption is accepted by the research team，Become a main line that runs through the entire subject，So as to improve the theoretical level of research。Actually，This assumption itself also contains some new development of her original family change theory。These new developments are manifested in her breakthrough in her rural family production function as a social impact family，as an intermediary variable。The change of social system changes through the impact on family production functions and then expand to other components of the family，Leading the family's change，The changes of the family are finally attributed to the change of the family system。In the field of family sociology research，Mr. Lei this assumption is undoubtedly innovative，It not only provides a theoretical basis for the questionnaire design，At the same time, it also revealed all Bet365 app download aspects of the family (family function、Family structure and family relationship) existing internal connection，Therefore, family function、The change of family structure and family relationship is associated with the change of the family system。The theoretical summary she made is undoubtedly with Chinese characteristics，It is an academic value of her creation of "China" or "local" family sociological theory。

Mr. Lei made a new theoretical summary research results based on rich information.，He has won the "Excellent Achievement Special Honor Award of the National Social Science Foundation Project" and "Beijing Philosophy Social Science Excellent Works Award First Prize"。

　　Friends who do liver and gallbladder photos

Mr. Lei knows through Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao and others、Then know the Communist Party's，This has played a decisive role in the choice of life of her life。Mr. Lei has made a detailed description of the "Xiaguan tragedy" in the article "Blood Splash Jinling Recalling the Year"，Mr. Lei also talked about when talking to students。Summer 1946，The civil war has been touched and sent out。June 23，The Shanghai People's Group Federation, which is composed of the China Democratic Promotion Association, to Nanjing peaceful petition，Mr. is a member of the petition group。After arriving at Nanjing Xiaguan Station，Mr. Lei and Ma Xulun、Yan Baohang and other representatives were injured by the Kuomintang agent。When Mr. Lei was lying in the hospital at the time，No one goes to visit the Kuomintang，Only the CCP delegation Dong Biwu、Deng Yingchao、Teng Daiyuan waited to visit。Mr. Lei was injured by a spittoon thrown by a mob in his chest at the time，Her hand was picked up a piece of meat because others grabbed her things，caused the clothes full of blood。until the next day，Deng Yingchao brought her new clothes，Then she replaced the blood clothes。Mr. Lei tells students about the dignity of the face when the past is。She said，When you need help most，What appeared was the CCP delegation，The Kuomintang did not come alone。It was already midnight when they were taken to the hospital，lying down in the front hall of the hospital，No one cares bet365 best casino games about。Later，It was the CCP delegation contacted them with the serious injury to them。So，At this time，Kuomintang、Who is the best of the Communist Party，I have made a clear judgment in my husband。This also determines Mr. Lei’s future political direction，Her Xingguo、The national ambition has also been implemented。Before the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved into Peiping in 1949，Mr. Lei and four other professors were invited to Xibaipo, Hebei Province，Seeing Mao Zedong and other leaders of the CPC Central Committee，I listened to the CCP's proposition on establishing New China，Deep encouragement。After that，Mr. Mr. Trust with Beijing Xiangshan Ci Kindergarten College，Make it out of the hospital，Prepare for the leadership of the Communist Party of China。This also often takes students to take students to Xiangshan Ci Kindergarten in Yantong University when teaching with her，Familiar with the founders of the hospital。

Mr. Lei I really miss the Communist Party of China。2001，Mr. Mr. full of affection in the article "Never Pursue Progress": "I will always feel，When I am at the time of youth, there is something to do，I came into contact and received like Zhou Enlai、Deng Yingchao and other outstanding Communist Party members' guidance and care，They affect my life until now for sixty or seventy years。"" help and guidance of Premier Zhou and Deng Yingchao，Mr. Lei has always been in mind。1998，She just retired from the position of the vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，Just come to the former residence of Comrade Zhou Enlai, Huai'an, Jiangsu, worship。In that year, Prime Minister Zhou's century birthday，Mr. Mr. "The Monument to the Mine in the Mine"，To express the respect and nostalgia of Premier Zhou。

Among the older generation of sociologists，Rare scholars like Mr. Lei Jieqiong have more than 80 years of academic life and have witnessed or participated in so many major events in modern Chinese history。Due to the location of Mr. Lei，The contribution she contributed to the development of the subject of sociology is multi -faceted。My generation is willing to use Mr. as a role model，Make your own efforts for the development of Chinese sociology。

　　(The author is a professor at the Department of Sociology of Peking University; President of the Chinese Social Work Society)