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Pei Li Gang culture is mainly distributed on both sides of the Yellow River in Henan，About 9000-7000 years away from today，It is named because of the excavation of the Site of Xinzheng Pei Gang in Henan in 1977。Pei Li Gang culture is the beginning of my country's scholars' exact understanding of the Neolithic archeology culture。

The developed biological economy。Pei Li Gang culture has developed agricultural。There are stone shovels unearthed in many sites、Stone Ax、Stone sickle、Stone mill、stone mill and other agricultural production tools，Not only the number is more，Processing technology is even more amazing。Among them, grinding light stones，Similar to the modern sickle，Some blades are also small、Fine teeth，helps quickly cut off crops，Improve efficiency。Discovery of the millet and rice plant relics in some sites，confirmed the domestication of millet and rice，and it has become the main food source at that time。

The development of Pei Li Gang cultural and agriculture is also reflected in the gender division of labor and collaboration of labor。bet365 best casino games In archeological relics，Male tomb with a burial stone ax、Stone shovel、Stone sickle，The funerals of the female tomb are stone mills and stone mills。From Guanzhi，In the agricultural division of labor at the time，Men are responsible for farming、Harvest and other heavy physical labor，Women are engaged in shelling and other work。The division of labor of agriculture has strengthened gender collaboration，Improve production efficiency。

Pei Li Gang Culture's livestock breeding industry is also more developed。Jiahu Site found the bone of pigs and dogs，Pei Li Gang site found the bone of cows。，Fishing and hunting also occupy a large proportion in social life at that time。Jiahu ancestors can not only use fish darts，Also starting the Internet fishing。

The first set of settlements。The ancestors of Pei Li Gang Culture have lived a settlement life，The village has begun to take shape，and the planning concept has appeared。From Tanghu、The orientation of the Gate of the Fang Gate in Jiahu and other sites，The settlement of the settlement of this period has appeared at the heart;，Pottery kiln、Cellar and other economic facilities related to settlement。Among them, most of the houses are circular or oval -shaped half -ground cavity buildings，There are also some ground Bet365 lotto review buildings and rod fence buildings。Cemetery is generally separated by separate districts，separate from the living area，to show that life and death are different; water spring、Pei Li Gang and other ruins and cemeteries are arranged in order，Show unified、Thoughtful planning and design。Most of the tombs are rectangular earthen pits，The tomb is mostly west and southwest，Most tombs have funerals，Partial niches。

strong sacrifice culture。Rich material and cultural life，The spiritual world of Pei Li Gang culture is not poor，The strong sacrifice atmosphere of Jiahu site is proof。First，Special wizarding class at the time。In blood relatives、In the primitive society of the in -laws as a bond，The patriarch with a certain power or a wizard with a divine power will be awe and love by the clan members，Make a grand sacrifice after their death，Looking forward to the soul can bless the clan reproduction、Strong。The special characteristics of these clan or wizards in the division of labor，Let them gradually form a specific class -the wizard class。Second，A complete sacrifice item appeared at the time。During the excavation process of the tomb of the Jiahu site，Exquisite bone flutes are often produced with turtle shells and beef bone forks with interior stone，can be regarded Bet365 lotto review as sacrifice propes。The bone flute unearthed in the Jiahu site should be an important prop for witchcraft groups for wizards。Tortoise shells and Xiangshi are another type of sacrifice props unearthed from Jiahu tombs。ivory carving boards in Pei Li Gang culture、beef bone fork shape、Jade、turquoise、Bone beads, etc. may have attributes of sacrifice propes。again，Jiahu Site has a rich sacrifice pit。Sacrifice pit is a common sacrifice relic in ancient times，due to position、shape、Different from buried objects，The nature is also different。The sacrifice pit of the Jiahu site can be divided into two categories。One is a type of utensil sacrifice pit，Small quantity，but a large scale，Structure regular。Another type of animal sacrifice pit，Number of quantities，Small scale。Sacrifice pit should have functional differences due to different buried utensils。Last，There is also a unique Tongshen Media。The sediment attached to the potential of the Jiahu site contains the acid produced by the volatile of alcohol，The chemical composition of the residue and modern rice wine、The same wine。It can be seen that Pei Li Gang was fermented with rice and made the earliest wine in the world，More than 1,000 years earlier than foreign discovery。The invention and use bet365 best casino games of wine，Provides channels for the communication between the wizard and the god，Added the authority of the Witcher Tong God。

Mysterious engraving symbol。The tortoise shells of the Jiahu site are not only an empirical evidence for the sacrifice，It also provides clues to early text。There are nine cases of launch symbols on the unearthed tortoise shells，Or can be regarded as a text。They have symmetry up, down, left and right，There is a horizontal and vertical cross，The composition method is exactly the same as the oracle bone text of Yinxu，But of more than 6000 years early。These deeds and turtle shells、Sound Stone、Bone flute，Connecting the side shadow and imagination of the original witchcraft etiquette。

In the process of the origin of the foundation of Chinese civilization，Early early stages of the Neolithic era are an important period of butterfly change，It is also the stage of the dawn of civilization。At this time，Pei Ligang culture ancestors on both sides of the Yellow River polished stone，domesticated livestock，Reclamation field，Open the Era of the Neolithic Age。They live in a fixed office，Settlement planning is orderly;，Agriculture、Animal animal husbandry and fishing and hunting economy are diverse; various processes，Preparation、Bet365 lotto review Stone、Bonemaking and other technologies are advanced;，Cutting A Book。It is during this long religious sacrifice process，Witch has become the leader，The village becomes a country，Symbols into words，Witch has become the leader，Bu geek is set as a ritual。

Pei Li Gang Cultural Storage Central Plains，Tongluo Babu，Driven the evolution and development of the surrounding culture，Obvious Pei Li Ganghua in the majority of China，Make the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River initially formed a cultural circle with a unified cultural appearance around 7000 years ago。Its advanced cultural factors have been successively succeeded in Yangshao Culture、Longshan Cultural Heritage、Reconstruction，and absorb the lower reaches of the Yellow River、The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River、Based on the advanced cultural factors of the Xiliao River Basin、profit or loss，Eventually, the birth of the Chinese civilization in the Central Plains region。We think，Pei Li Gang culture is the cornerstone of Chinese culture，Is the Duan Duan of the Yellow River Civilization，Breeding Chinese civilization。

　(The author is a professor at the School of History of the Capital Normal University)