In Chinese history，The concept of "neutralization" and the origin of civilization、The formation of a country is closely related to China’s unbroken civilization of more than 5,000 years。The concepts of "neutralization" and "neutralization" are the "genes" of Chinese history and culture，It is also the "root" and "soul" of Chinese culture。

Chinese ancestors’ belief and pursuit of “China”，Can be traced back to the late Neolithic Age。In the 6,400-year-old Xishuipo tomb in Puyang, Henan, discovered in 1987，The pile of clam shells at the feet nj bet365 tomb owner is shaped into a "Beidou" pattern。Relics such as the "Yai Biao" unearthed from the tombs (M2200 and IIM22) found at the Taosi City Site in Xiangfen, Shanxi (around 4300-1900 years ago)，Should be closely related to "seeking China" and even building a capital。

"Tsinghua Slips Baoxun" contains，Yu Shun、，Today’s area of ​​Puyang, Henan)。Reprinted in "Bao Xun"，Shang Jiawei, the sixth ancestor of Shang Tang, "chased" (i.e., "seeked") for Xia Yu in the "river"。“River” means “Heluo”，What is now known as the "Dasong Mountain" area (including Luoyang nj bet365、Zhengzhou nj bet365)。The above activities are all related to nj bet365 location selection。

Since the late 1950s，Archaeologists discovered the ruins of Dengfeng Wangchenggang City near Songshan Mountain、Xinmi Xinzhai City Site and Yanshi Erlitou Site，The academic community generally believes that they should be the early Xia Dynasty、中、Late capital ruins。Zhengzhou Mall, the capital nj bet365 early Shang Dynasty、Yanshi shopping malls are all located in the "Dasong Mountain" area，This is the continuation of Capital City’s “seeking for success”。Early 1980s，Archaeological discovery of early Shang capital ruins in Tazhuang, Yanshi City，The city site consists of Guocheng and Palace City，The architectural ruins of palaces and temples discovered by archeology are very important。He Zun, an early Western Zhou bronze ware, has the inscription "Zhai Zizhong or (country)"，Is the physical evidence nj bet365 "center selection" nj bet365 location nj bet365 capital nj bet365 Zhou Dynasty。

The Qin and Han dynasties ushered in the era of unified, centralized state。From Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties，The nj bet365 is in Chang'an、Luoyang and Kaifeng line，Inherited the principle of "choosing the center to build the nj bet365" since the Xia and Shang Dynasties。The Jin Dynasty moved its nj bet365 to Yanjing，In the eyes of Jin people, "Yanjing is in the middle of heaven and earth"，Having the nj bet365 here is the only way to "respond to the heaven and the earth"。This opens up the meta、Ming、The first time the Qing Dynasty established Beijing as its nj bet365。

In the formation and development process of ancient countries，The concept of "中" continues to expand、Strengthen and deepen，That is, from "choosing the center to build the capital" to "choosing the center to build the palace" to "choosing the center to build the palace"；Capital nj bet365 Gate、Miyagi Palace Gate has developed from "single door" to "one door with three doors" and "one door with five roads"。

"Choose the center to build the palace" is developed from the "select the center to build the capital"。The palace city of Yanshi Mall in the early days was located in the east-west center nj bet365 south nj bet365 capital，The palace city of Huanbei Mall is basically in the middle nj bet365 capital。Warring States Period，The palace city of Anyi, the capital of Wei State, is basically in the center nj bet365 capital，The palace city in the west city nj bet365 ancient city of Zheng and Han is located in the east-west center nj bet365 west city。The palaces of Luoyang City in the Wei, Jin, Northern Dynasties and Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty were generally located in the east-west center nj bet365 north nj bet365 capital，The palace city of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty was located in the center of Waiguo City，Jin Zhongdu、Yuan Dadu、The palaces in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were generally located in the middle nj bet365 east and west nj bet365 capital。Miyagi as the political center nj bet365 country，Located in the center nj bet365 capital city facing north and south，This is undoubtedly a reflection of its core status。

"Choose the right center to build a palace" within the palace nj bet365，In fact, it is a major political difference between the capital layout in the era of unified centralized state and the era of feudal statehood: that is, the country's "dual politics" combining blood politics and geopolitics，Developed to focus on geopolitics、“United Politics” supplemented by blood politics。The consciousness of "China" reflects the supremacy of a centralized multi-ethnic unified country。

Strengthening of national identity，Can be accessed from the capital city gate、The development nj bet365 palace gate from "single gate" to "one gate with three gates" and "one gate with five gates" is fully reflected。Looking at the discovered ruins nj bet365 ancient capital city gate and palace gate，The capitals from the Xia, Shang, Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were generally "single doorways"。There are 3 gates on each nj bet365 four walls of Guocheng outside the capital city，The capital is generally composed of 12 gates，They are all “customized” with “one course and three courses”，Should start from Chang'an City of Han Dynasty。The main entrance of Miyagi City is "customized" with "one door and three gates"，The palace gate "Changhemen" that began in the Wei, Jin and Northern Wei Dynasties in Luoyang City。This regulation continued until the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing。Entering the Middle Ages，The main entrances nj bet365 capitals and palaces of some dynasties appeared in the form of "one door and five lanes"。

Capital City and Palace Gate、The palace gate’s “one door with three channels” and “one door with five channels”，It is a symbol symbolizing the supremacy nj bet365 country。Current archaeological discoveries，Miyagi palace gates are generally grander than capital city gates，The palace gate of a palace city is generally the largest among all types of buildings in the capital、The most majestic，This characteristic reflects Miyagi’s special political status as the center of national politics。From "one door and three ways" to "one door and five ways"，It is an “upgraded version” nj bet365 concept of national identity。

"Book of Zhou Li·Kao Gong Ji"，“Craftsmen run the country，Fang Jiuli，Pang Sanmen，Junior High School Nine Meridians and Nine Latitudes，Nine tracks passing through；Zuozu Youshe，Facing the market outlook”。This is considered to be the "golden rule" for the main layout of ancient Chinese capitals since the Zhou Dynasty。However，From the perspective of archaeological discoveries，The capital nj bet365 built according to the regulations of "Zuozu Youshe"，The Han Chang'an nj bet365 (site) in the late Western Han Dynasty is the earliest，There is currently no definite evidence that "Zuozu Youshe" began in the Zhou Dynasty。Pre-Qin period，The "right palace and left temple" in the capital nj bet365 and the palace nj bet365 are juxtaposed，Such as the ruins of Erlitou Palace、The palace ruins of Yanshi Shopping nj bet365、The Qin Yong nj bet365 ruins in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty are all in this situation。

After entering the era of unified and centralized dynasty，Major changes in the layout nj bet365 palace and temple，There is a situation where only the palace (main hall nj bet365 great court) is in the palace city and the "ancestral temple" is in the palace city or even outside the capital。Qin Xianyang City as recorded in literature，The "palace and temple" are arranged in "Weinan" outside the city or in Qinyong City；Archaeological discovery，The main hall nj bet365 Western Han Dynasty - the "front hall" is in the center of Weiyang Palace，The ancestral temple is outside Weiyang Palace or the capital。Archaeologically discovered ancestral temples and “Sheji” ruins in the late Western Han Dynasty，South of Chang'an City of Han Dynasty，North facing the front hall of Weiyang Palace，Form the earliest "Zuozu Youshe" regulation in the capital city seen so far。This regulation is Luoyang City in Han and Wei Dynasties、Chang'an City of Tang Dynasty、Song Kaifeng City (Tokyo City)、Jin Zhongdu、Yuan Dadu、Inherited by ancient capitals such as Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties。The main halls nj bet365 above-mentioned capitals are all located in the center nj bet365 palace，The ancestral temple and the community are arranged outside the palace，The layout nj bet365 capital is formed with the "Zuozu Youshe" centered on the main hall nj bet365 Great Chao Dynasty，further highlights the core position nj bet365 central government in the country represented by the Grand Chao Zhengdian。The "political positioning" nj bet365 "middle" nj bet365 capital's "east, west, north, and south"，The concept of national “grand unification” with “China” as the core，Exhibited by the layout nj bet365 capital、Consolidated and passed down from generation to generation。

The highest embodiment nj bet365 materialized carrier nj bet365 ancient Chinese state，From "Choose the center to build the country (capital)" to "Choose the center to build the palace (palace)"，Go to "Choose the center to build the palace (the main hall nj bet365 Great Chao)"。From "Choose the center to build the temple (palace temple)" to "Choose the center to build the temple (the main hall nj bet365 great dynasty)"，Reflects the changes in social form，It is the archaeological evidence nj bet365 most important "political symbol" of a unified centralized state。

Han Chang'an City is the capital of ancient China、The palace city is formed with gates built on all sides、The earliest capital city governed by palace gates。The “four gates” nj bet365 capital and palace，The "four directions" that symbolize the country's east, west, north, and south。The "four gates" are "centered" relative to the palace city within the capital and the main hall nj bet365 great dynasty，It not only reflects the "fairness" and "justice" of "China" to "the four parties"，It also strengthens the national identity nj bet365 “Quartet” towards “China”。Over two thousand years，The above-mentioned capital regulations will basically remain unchanged，Reflects national identity and cohesion，Conducive to maintaining the continuous continuity of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years。

If the “four directions” represented by the “four gates” are “diversity”，The capital city、The palace city and the main hall are "one body"。They are the concentrated expression nj bet365 "center" nj bet365 country，Make the "diversity" and "harmony" nj bet365 four parties into the "unity" nj bet365 country。“Diversity” ends up in “Oneness”，Become the outstanding historical, cultural, traditional and political beliefs nj bet365 Chinese nation，The "core culture" that constitutes the Chinese civilization of more than 5,000 years。

The genes of "Zhong" and "Zhonghe" are mainly reflected in the location selection and layout nj bet365 capital。The reason why dynasties in past dynasties must choose the right location to build their capital，It is the requirement nj bet365 concept of "neutralization"。The capital city is built "in the world (that is, the country)"，It is relative to the "four directions" of east, west, north, south and south。The "middle" in "Choose the center to build the capital" reflects the supremacy nj bet365 country relative to the "east, west, north, south"，At the same time, "China" relative to the "Four Parties" reflects the country's "fairness", "fairness" and "justness" to the "Four Parties"，Thus achieving the "harmony" nj bet365 country。This kind of "harmony" is the basis nj bet365 country's "unification"、The foundation of national identity，It is also a manifestation nj bet365 "four parties" gathering in the center。

The concepts of "neutralization" and "neutralization" contained in the layout and shape of ancient capitals and palaces，In the history of more than 5,000 years of development, it has been recognized by all ethnic groups in China。As the capital nj bet365 ethnic minority regime，Luoyang City of Northern Wei Dynasty、Jin Zhongdu、Yuan Dadu、The city of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty also inherited the concept of "neutralization" formed over thousands of years，Deepened the concept of national identity。The layout from the national "palace city" to the residential "siheyuan"，Although the sizes vary，But the concept is the same，Reflecting the historical and cultural concepts of "connection of family and country" and "integration of family and country"，Reflects the core concept of "national identity" nj bet365 Chinese nation。It can be said，The concepts of "China" and "Zhonghe" have created the glorious history of China's unbroken civilization for more than 5,000 years。

(The author is a member nj bet365 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Distinguished Professor of Zhengzhou University)