Special planning: general app bet365 download and chronology—the two major textual forms of historical presentation
May 22, 2020 02:31 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" Issue 1931, May 22, 2020 Author:
Editor’s note: “Tong” is the highest realm of historical research
Our country’s literary app bet365 download lasts four thousand years。The app bet365 download of app bet365 download，It should also be traced back to four thousand years ago，Instead of three thousand years as mentioned in the past。Of course，No matter three thousand years，Still four thousand years，Chinese app bet365 download has a long app bet365 download、Rich Heritage，is universally recognized。
Four thousand years，The highest goal pursued by Chinese historians、The highest realm you want to achieve，That is, on the word "通"。
Talking about "tong"，Many people will immediately think of Sima Qian’s so-called "changes through ancient and modern times"。Actually，Not only Sima Qian，Many historians，Everyone uses "communication" to motivate themselves。Two of the most famous historical theoretical works in ancient times，A "Shi Tong"，A "Literature and app bet365 download"。Sima Guang presided over the compilation of chronicles for more than 1,300 years，Book completed，Emperor Shenzong personally named it "Zizhi Tongjian"。Du You's "Tongdian"、Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi"、Ma Duanlin's "General Examination of Documents"，collectively known as "three links"。Later generations will continue，There are so many "Ten Links"。“Tong” as a great historical proposition，Long lasting sound，Profound influence。
"Shuowen": "Tong，Tatsuya。""Yi" says: There is no end to the exchanges, which is called communication，It is understood by reasoning。There are obstacles，Not yet known。WiTong，Fang Nengda。General rule is not painful，Pain makes no sense。Four Leaders of Historians: Talent, Learning and Virtue；Three essentials of app bet365 download books: historical events、Shi Yi、Shi Wen，Not perfect in any aspect、Defects，Nothing is known yet。Guer，Want to make a general app bet365 download，Must be a common person first；Want to be a common man，Must have general knowledge。Have general knowledge，Only before you can pass、Rongtong、The way of penetration is shown in examples，Reaching the realm of tact。
Presenting historical text form，Taking general app bet365 download and chronology as the main topics。General app bet365 download、Dating，Which is better or worse，We are all common people，Liu Zhiji advocated chronology，Zheng Qiao strongly promotes general app bet365 download。Zhang Xuecheng also advocates the compilation of general app bet365 download，But，He reminded me constantly，Never pass "collected app bet365 download" as "general app bet365 download"。
We think，General app bet365 download、Dating，Each has its own advantages，Can be biased，Don’t be partial。A great era，Need a great chronological app bet365 download，There is a greater need for a great general app bet365 download。But，Regardless of chronological app bet365 download，Or general app bet365 download，It is necessary to implement the word "tong" into the compilation in a specific and subtle way。
When discussing what characteristics philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics should have，General Secretary Xi Jinping specially reminded the word "integration"。The meaning of "Rongtong"，That’s great！General Secretary Xi Jinping particularly emphasized the integration of resources in the three areas，First, the resources of Marxism，The second is the resources of China’s excellent traditional culture，The third is the resources of foreign philosophy and social sciences。Contemporary Chinese app bet365 download should produce high-quality works that are rich in ideological penetration，You should integrate the above three resources concretely rather than abstractly。
Start a discussion on the topic of "General app bet365 download and chronology: two major textual forms of historical presentation"，The meaning is here。
How to promote and innovate the compilation of general app bet365 download and chronological app bet365 download？Discuss this topic，Need to have a kind of wisdom that goes beyond "inertial thinking"。The reason is obvious，General app bet365 download and chronological app bet365 download as two major fields，Being treated separately for a long time，So much so that people ignore the inherent connection between the two。actual truth，Since general app bet365 download and chronological app bet365 download are the two types of historical works that receive the most attention from readers，Then the methods of writing app bet365 download are by no means irrelevant，But they are interconnected、Complement each other。In other words，On the concept of governing app bet365 download，In terms of perspective and requirements for observing historical facts，On the method of reproducing objective app bet365 download，There must be similarities。Achieve transcendence of “inertial thinking”，We will examine the connection between general app bet365 download and chronological app bet365 download compilation，Can inspire，Summarize the following two propositions with theoretical value，To promote the historiography work in the new era。
Traditional Chinese app bet365 download belongs to narrative app bet365 download，It is different from modern app bet365 download which is analytical app bet365 download。Traditional historiography narrates historical facts、Preserving historical memory is a basic function，In order to meet the change of narrative perspective，formed chronicle style、chronological、Chronicle version、Different narrative methods such as regulations and systems；In order to adapt to the choice of narrative period，Different narrative genres such as general app bet365 download and chronological app bet365 download have emerged。The so-called general app bet365 download，It means that the scope of its narrative is not limited to a certain dynasty，But across multiple dynasties，Historical genre that narrates app bet365 download according to the clues of historical evolution，Has characteristics throughout ancient and modern times；The so-called chronological app bet365 download，Compared with general app bet365 download，Refers to the genre of app bet365 download books whose narrative is limited to a certain dynasty，Characteristics of cross-app bet365 download。Whether it is general app bet365 download or chronological app bet365 download，They are just ways of displaying traditional Chinese app bet365 download。
In the process of evolution of traditional Chinese app bet365 download，According to the genre and content of app bet365 download books，app bet365 download books can be divided into two categories: general app bet365 download and chronological app bet365 download。The Han Dynasty was the establishment period of traditional Chinese historiography，Based on Sima Qian's "Historical Records"、Ban Gu's "Book of Han"、The biographical general app bet365 download represented by Xun Yue's "Han Ji"、Both biographical and chronological chronological app bet365 download works appeared in this period。Due to class、Xun’s dynasty app bet365 download demonstrates the purpose of “respecting Han”，More suitable for the replacement of dynasties in ancient China，So keep pace with each other，"Struggle for the first place"，Every generation has no shortage of works，There are very few general app bet365 download writings。Until the time of Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasties，Order Wu Jun to compile "General app bet365 download"，From Three Emperors，End of Qi Dynasty，There are works clearly signed as "General app bet365 download"。Since then，The general app bet365 download work "Origins and Flows Gradually Farewell"。During the reign of Tang Dezong，Du You compiled "Tongdian"，Describe the evolution and changes of the system from the Yellow Emperor to the last years of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty，Establishing a precedent in the general app bet365 download of the system。
Since the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Qian proposed "to understand the changes in ancient and modern times" and compiled a biographical general app bet365 download "Shi Ji"，In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xuecheng proposed the "general app bet365 download family tradition" and used it to evaluate the historical works of previous generations，The theoretical interpretation of the spirit of general app bet365 download by ancient historians has never been interrupted。As a historical interest and value pursuit，The spirit of general app bet365 download has always been respected by ancient historians，Become an excellent tradition of traditional Chinese app bet365 download。Clear the purpose and essence of the spirit of general app bet365 download，Particularly important for understanding the nature of traditional historiography。
Mr. Liu Jiahe thinks，Behind the two different historical views in China and the West are different epistemologies。where，Western historical epistemology originates from the ancient Greek belief that knowledge can only be certain and unchanging substantialism，An anti-historicist view of knowledge。The basis of epistemology of traditional Chinese app bet365 download，The reason is that its universality is inherent in particularity，And reveal one’s own dialectical view of knowledge through particularity，That is, the universality，Embodied in specific things that are changing。
The compilation of traditional app bet365 download books takes biographical official app bet365 download as the main body，The official app bet365 download compilation of biographies has been divided into general histories since "Historical Records" and "Hanshu"、Two paths through generations。Later scholars compared "Historical Records" and "Hanshu"，On Sima Qian、The pros and cons of Bangu，Or master general app bet365 download，May last for generations。Master of general app bet365 download，Worship Sima Qian by virtue of "Historical Records"；Those who persist in the era，Zong "Han Shu" praised Ban Gu。Both factions hold one side，Constant debate。
The issue of "communication" and "dating" is a historical topic，Due to different interests of ancient historians，There have been different opinions on this。But looking at it today，The compilation of both historical writing genres is the need of the times。
Actually，Establishing epochs as app bet365 download is also the need of the times、The situation dictates，Doesn’t mean to be insulated from general app bet365 download。Opposite，Chronological app bet365 download can also be written as a general app bet365 download，Thus, a certain chronological app bet365 download, such as the app bet365 download of Qing Dynasty, is called general app bet365 download，It’s just that this kind of chronological app bet365 download must have the spirit of “communication”，In other words, it is necessary to give the chronological app bet365 download works a thorough understanding、Bypass、The spirit of China Unicom and Yuantong，In order to change chronological app bet365 download into general app bet365 download。
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